Lesson 1 Flashcards
__________, _____ identified four fundamental patterns of knowing that form the conceptual and syntactical structure of nursing knowledge .
Barbara Carper, 1978
Knowledge defined as _____, _______, ______ acquired by a person through various life expertise.
Information, skills, expertise
Types of Cognitive Process:
_______ - achieving understanding of sensory data.
Perception
_________ : process for capturing information from the environment and processing it. Enables people to perceive entities and objects in the world. Involves input from sense organs (such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth , and fingers ) and the transformation of this information into perception of entities ( such as objects , words , tastes , and ideas).
Perception
_______- Combining two or more concepts / ideas to form a new concept or for comparison. Reinforcements create a positive association between the action and consequence in order to promote the continuation of the action . Punishments create a negative relationship between the action and the consequence so that the action does not continue .
Association
________ - Acquiring skills, information and values.
________ : process for synthesizing new knowledge and know-how. Involves connecting new information and experiences with existing knowledge. Interactivity is an important element in the learning process .
Learning
________ - Mental process of seeking conclusion through reasons
Reasoning
__________ - Transferring of data from sender to receiver using different mediums or tools.
Communication
In the late _____, nursing professor Barbara A. Carper outlined a philosophy that helped nursing broaden its focus from scientific knowledge alone to a broader range of “ ___________” that form the foundation of the care nurses provide.
1970s, “Pattern of knowing”
in _______, Barbara Carper published the article titled “__________________________”. In this article , now a classic publication with a profound effect on the discipline , Carper identified four patterns of knowing : empirical , personal , ethical , and aesthetic.
1978, Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing
The four fundamental Patterns of knowing?
Empirics, personal, Ethics, Aesthetics
___________ create a positive association between the action and consequence in order to promote the continuation of the action.
Reinforcements
__________ create a negative relationship between the action and the consequence so that the action does not continue.
Punishments
Three sources of knowledge
- Traditional
- Authoritative
- Scientific sources
____________ is a nursing practice that passed down from generation to generation.
Ex: Routine changing of bed linens whether soiled or not.
Traditional Knowledge
_______________ is an idea by a person of authority which is perceived as true because of his/ her expertise.
Ex: The nurse supervisor is well equipped with knowledge and skills about the procedure through experience the novice nurse accepts it true because of the authority of the expert nurse.
Authoritative Knowledge
It is the knowledge came from a scientific method through research. These ideas are tested and measured systematically using objective criteria.
Ex: TSB (Tepid Sponge Bath) perform to patient with fever the nurse know the rationale behind this procedure. Heat transfer through evaporation
Scientific Knowledge
_______________ is a typology that attempts to classify the different sources from which knowledge and beliefs in professional practice (originally specifically nursing ) can be or have been derived . Provide a guide to holistic practice , education , and research.
Ways of knowing : Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing
In Knowledge Stractural levels, give the four patterns.
• Empirical Knowing
• Ethical knowing
• Aesthetic Knowing
• Personal Knowing
________ - Factual knowledge from science, or other external sources , that can be empirically verified.
Ex: Any scientific research based;
- Theoretical and factual Information
- Knowledge obtained from text book, lectures, journals, and on line resources.
Empirical
What kind of knowledge is this?
• A student nurse answers aquestion posed by the clinical instructor based on what he learned from the school.
• A nurse researcher uses scientific method to produced desired study results.
• Nurse perform nursing care based from accepted clinical practices.
Empirical Knowledge
_______ - Attitudes and knowledge derived from an ethical framework , including an awareness of moral questions and choices.
• Lessening, suffering, upholding and preserving health is one of the key elements why nursing is a core service in the society.
• It includes all the deliberate nursing actions involving and under the jurisdiction of ethics and professionalism .
Ethical
______________ - Awareness of the immediate situation, seated in immediate practical action; including awareness of the patient and their circumstances as uniquely individual, and of the combined wholeness of the situation. ( in this sense is used to mean “relating to the here and now “, from the Greek (aisthanomai ), meaning “ I perceive, feel, sense “
Esthetic or Aesthetic
__________ - Knowledge and attitudes derived from personal self understanding and empathy, including imagining one’s self in the patient’s position
Personal
