Lesson 1

Question 1

__________, _____ identified four fundamental patterns of knowing that form the conceptual and syntactical structure of nursing knowledge .

Answer 1

Barbara Carper, 1978

Question 2

Knowledge defined as _____, _______, ______ acquired by a person through various life expertise.

Answer 2

Information, skills, expertise

Question 3

Types of Cognitive Process:

_______ - achieving understanding of sensory data.

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

_________ : process for capturing information from the environment and processing it. Enables people to perceive entities and objects in the world. Involves input from sense organs (such as eyes, ears, nose, mouth , and fingers ) and the transformation of this information into perception of entities ( such as objects , words , tastes , and ideas).

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

_______- Combining two or more concepts / ideas to form a new concept or for comparison. Reinforcements create a positive association between the action and consequence in order to promote the continuation of the action . Punishments create a negative relationship between the action and the consequence so that the action does not continue .

Answer 5

Association

Question 6

________ - Acquiring skills, information and values.
________ : process for synthesizing new knowledge and know-how. Involves connecting new information and experiences with existing knowledge. Interactivity is an important element in the learning process .

Answer 6

Learning

Question 7

________ - Mental process of seeking conclusion through reasons

Answer 7

Reasoning

Question 8

__________ - Transferring of data from sender to receiver using different mediums or tools.

Answer 8

Communication

Question 9

In the late _____, nursing professor Barbara A. Carper outlined a philosophy that helped nursing broaden its focus from scientific knowledge alone to a broader range of “ ___________” that form the foundation of the care nurses provide.

Answer 9

1970s, “Pattern of knowing”

Question 10

in _______, Barbara Carper published the article titled “__________________________”. In this article , now a classic publication with a profound effect on the discipline , Carper identified four patterns of knowing : empirical , personal , ethical , and aesthetic.

Answer 10

1978, Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing

Question 11

The four fundamental Patterns of knowing?

Answer 11

Empirics, personal, Ethics, Aesthetics

Question 12

___________ create a positive association between the action and consequence in order to promote the continuation of the action.

Answer 12

Reinforcements

Question 13

__________ create a negative relationship between the action and the consequence so that the action does not continue.

Answer 13

Punishments

Question 14

Three sources of knowledge

Answer 14

• Traditional
• Authoritative
• Scientific sources

Question 15

____________ is a nursing practice that passed down from generation to generation.

Ex: Routine changing of bed linens whether soiled or not.

Answer 15

Traditional Knowledge

Question 16

_______________ is an idea by a person of authority which is perceived as true because of his/ her expertise.

Ex: The nurse supervisor is well equipped with knowledge and skills about the procedure through experience the novice nurse accepts it true because of the authority of the expert nurse.

Answer 16

Authoritative Knowledge

Question 17

It is the knowledge came from a scientific method through research. These ideas are tested and measured systematically using objective criteria.

Ex: TSB (Tepid Sponge Bath) perform to patient with fever the nurse know the rationale behind this procedure. Heat transfer through evaporation

Answer 17

Scientific Knowledge

Question 18

_______________ is a typology that attempts to classify the different sources from which knowledge and beliefs in professional practice (originally specifically nursing ) can be or have been derived . Provide a guide to holistic practice , education , and research.

Answer 18

Ways of knowing : Carper’s fundamental ways of knowing

Question 19

In Knowledge Stractural levels, give the four patterns.

Answer 19

• Empirical Knowing
• Ethical knowing
• Aesthetic Knowing
• Personal Knowing

Question 20

________ - Factual knowledge from science, or other external sources , that can be empirically verified.

Ex: Any scientific research based;
- Theoretical and factual Information
- Knowledge obtained from text book, lectures, journals, and on line resources.

Answer 20

Empirical

Question 21

What kind of knowledge is this?

• A student nurse answers aquestion posed by the clinical instructor based on what he learned from the school.

• A nurse researcher uses scientific method to produced desired study results.

• Nurse perform nursing care based from accepted clinical practices.

Answer 21

Empirical Knowledge

Question 22

_______ - Attitudes and knowledge derived from an ethical framework , including an awareness of moral questions and choices.

• Lessening, suffering, upholding and preserving health is one of the key elements why nursing is a core service in the society.

• It includes all the deliberate nursing actions involving and under the jurisdiction of ethics and professionalism .

Answer 22

Ethical

Question 23

______________ - Awareness of the immediate situation, seated in immediate practical action; including awareness of the patient and their circumstances as uniquely individual, and of the combined wholeness of the situation. ( in this sense is used to mean “relating to the here and now “, from the Greek (aisthanomai ), meaning “ I perceive, feel, sense “

Answer 23

Esthetic or Aesthetic

Question 24

__________ - Knowledge and attitudes derived from personal self understanding and empathy, including imagining one’s self in the patient’s position

Answer 24

Personal

Question 25

The typology has been seen as leading a reaction against over -emphasis on just empirically derived knowledge , so called “__________ “, by emphasizing that attitudes and actions that are perhaps more personal and more intuitive are centrally important too , and equally fit for discussion

Answer 25

“Scientific nursing”

Question 26

A ___________ can be defined as sets of empirical data of experiences that can be physically observed or tangible such as crying, grimacing when in pain.

It is concerned with how an individual person reacts using the human senses concerning with their surrounding and assessing the different behaviors and factors that affect such behavior.

Answer 26

phenomenon

Question 27

All natural events that the nurse senses can perceive can be called ________

Answer 27

phenomenon

Question 28

________ - It is information, skills, expertise by a person through various life experiences.

Answer 28

Knowledge

Question 29

________ - What is known in a particular field of discipline or study.

Answer 29

Knowledge

Question 30

Give all Cognitive process

Answer 30

• Perception
• Association
• Learning
• Reasoning
• Communication

Question 31

It is where most theory and research development is concentrated and some conceptual forms have better capacity to explain nursing phenomena than others.

Answer 31

Empirical Knowledge

Question 32

Aesthetic in this sense is used to mean “relating to the here and now”, from the Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthanomai), meaning “I _____, _____, _____”

Answer 32

perceive, feel, sense

Question 33

_______ - It is the manifestation of the creative expression of the nurse.

Answer 33

Aesthetic/Esthetics

Question 34

_______ - It is the manifestation of the creative expression of the nurse.

Answer 34

Aesthetic/Esthetics

Question 35

______- It involves therapeutic use of self

Answer 35

Personal knowing

Question 36

_______-It is the key of comprehending health in terms of personal well being.

Answer 36

Personal Knowing