lesson 1 Flashcards
(37 cards)
the study of disease
Pathology
Any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury is called
Disease
refers to the sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes known as manifestation
Pathogenesis
refers to the patient’s perception of the disease. BLANK are subjective, and only the patient can identify these manifestations. For example, a headache is considered a BLANK
Symptom
an is an objective manifestation that is directed by the physician during the examination. Fever, swelling, and skin rash are all considered BLANK
Sign
A group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance is a BLANK. For example, respiratory distress BLANK is a common disorder in premature infants
Syndrome
Some disease processes, especially in the early stages, do not produce symptoms and are termed
Asymptomatic
the study of the cause of a disease. Common agents that cause diseases include viruses, bacteria, trauma, heat, chemical agents, and poor nutrition. At the molecular level, a genetic abnormality of a single protein may also serve as the BLANK basis for some diseases.
Etiology
Proper infection control practices are important in a health care environment to prevent hospital – acquired
Nosocomial
that follows hip replacement surgery is an example of nosocomial disease, that is acquired from the environment
Staphylococcal infection
reactions are adverse responses to medical treatment itself (e.g., a collapsed lung that occurs in response to a complication that arises during arterial line placement)
Latrogenic
If no causative factor can be identified, a disease is termed
Idiopathic
type of disease that is usually have a quick onset and last for a short period
Acute disease
may manifest more slowly and last for a very long time. An example of an acute disease is pneumonia, and multiple sclerosis is considered a BLANK
Chronic disease/condition
is the identification of a disease an individual is believed to have
Diagnosis
To predict a course and outcome of the disease is called
prognosis
The structure of cells or tissue is termed
Morphology
The investigation of disease in large groups. Healthcare BLANK is grounded in the belief in distribution of health states. For example, good health, disease, disability, or death.
Epidemiology
refers to the number of cases found in a given population
Prevalence
Diseases of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism is commonly found are said to be BLANK to that area. For example, histoplasmosis is a fungal disease of the respiratory system BLANK to the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.
Endemic
is a generalized decrease in cell size. An example of BLANK is when muscle cells decrease in size after the loss of innervation (supply of nerves to a part) and use
Atrophy
generalized increase in cell size. If the aortic valve is diseased, then the left ventricle enlarges because of the increased muscle mass needed to pump blood into the aorta
Hypertrophy
is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a result of excessive proliferation. An estrogen-secreting ovarian tumor causing endometrial epithelial cells to multiply is an example
Hyperplasia
is the conversion of one cell type into another that is not normal for that tissue. The epithelial cells in the respiratory tract of a smoker undergo BLANK as a response to the chronic irritation from the chemicals in the smoke
Metaplasia