lesson 1 Flashcards
1
Q
MCU for microcontroller unit, is a small computer on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chip. It contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals
A
Microcontroller
2
Q
is open source hardware, all the design files, schematics, and source code are freely available to everybody?
A
Arduino
3
Q
the founders who named the project after arduin, was an italian nobleman of Ivrea and also become a king of italy from 1002 until 1014. It was in Ivrea, italy that the production of the Arduino boards began in a small factory.
A
Massimo Banzi And David Cuartielles
4
Q
Open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It is able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a twitter message - and turn it into motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online
A
Arduino Mictrocontroller
5
Q
This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board
A
Reset Button
6
Q
-is used to set an external reference voltage
A
AREF (Analog Reference)
7
Q
There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same
A
Ground Pin
8
Q
Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output
A
Digital Input/Output
9
Q
The pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate
analog output
A
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
10
Q
Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches
A
USB Connection
11
Q
Transmit and receive data indication LEDs
A
TX/RX
12
Q
This is the brains and is where the programs are stored
A
ATmega microcontroller
13
Q
This LED lights up anytime the board is plugged in a power source
A
Power LED Indicator
14
Q
This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino board
A
Voltage Regulator
15
Q
This is used for powering your Arduino with a power supply
A
DC Power Barrel Jack
16
Q
This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects
A
3.3V Pin
17
Q
This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects
A
5V Pin
18
Q
There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the same
A
Ground Pins
19
Q
These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it to digital
A
Analog Pins
20
Q
This device allows you to prototype your Arduino project without having to permanently solder the circuit together.
A
Arduino Breadboard
21
Q
are solid-core wires with a molded plastic holder on each end that makes it easier to insert and remove the wires.
A
Jumper Wires
22
Q
is an electrical
component that limits or
regulates the flow of electrical
current in an electronic circuit.
A
Resistor
23
Q
Resistor are measured in ___? represented by the Greek
omega character 2).
A
Ohms
24
Q
These components store and release electrical energy in a circuit. When the circuit’s voltage is
higher than what is stored in the ______, it
allows current to flow in, giving the ________ a
charge. When the circuit’s voltage is lower, the
stored charge is released. Often placed across
power and ground close to a sensor or motor
to help smooth fluctuations in voltage.
A
Capacitor
25
A three legged device that can
operate as an electronic switch.
Useful for controlling high current /
high voltage components like motors.
One pin connects to ground, another
to the component being controlled,
and the third connects to the Arduino.
When the component receives voltage
on the pin connected to an Arduino, it
closes the circuit between the ground
and the other component.
Transistor
26
Ensures electricity only flows in one direction.
Useful when you have a motor or other
high current/voltage load in your circuit. Diodes
are polarized, meaning that the direction
that they're placed in a circuit matters. Placed
one way, they allow current to pass through.
Placed the other way, they block it. The anode
side generally connects to the point of higher
energy in your circuit. The cathode typically
connects to the point of lower energy, or to
ground. The cathode is usually marked with a
band on one side of the component's body.
Diode
27
A type of diode that illuminates
when electricity passes through it.
Like all diodes, electricity only
flows in one direction through
these components. You're
probably familiar with these as
indicators on a variety of electronic
devices. The anode, which
typically connects to power, is
usually the longer leg, and the
cathode is the shorter leg
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
28
A type of alphanumeric or
graphic display based on
liquid crystals. It is
available in a many sizes,
shapes, and styles. This
has 2 rows with 16
characters each.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
29
A variable resistor with three pins. Two of the pins are connected to the ends of a fixed resistor. The middle pin, or wiper, moves across the resistor, dividing it into two halves. When the
external sides of the _________ are
connected to voltage and ground, the middle leg will give the difference in voltage as you turn the knob. Often referred to as a pot.
Potentiometer
30
are commonly used to control electrical devices such as
volume controls on audio equipment. It is also used in speed control of
fans. __________ operated by a mechanism can be used as position
transducers, for example, in a joystick.
Potentiometers
31
(also called a
photocell, or light dependent
resistor) is variable resistor that
changes its resistance based on
the amount of light that falls on its
face.
Photoresistor
32
are most often
used as light sensors. They are
often utilized when it is required to
detect the presence and absence
of light or measure the light
intensity.
Photoresistor
33
is a temperature
sensitive resistor. They are often used
as a temperature sensor. The term
__________ is a contraction of the
words "thermal" and "resistor". They
are very sensitive and react to very
small changes in temperature. They
are best used when a specific
temperature needs to be maintained
and when monitoring temperatures
within 50°C of ambient.
Thermistor
34
are most
commonly used as beepers in any
system, Alarm devices, timers,
security systems and to produce
sound on confirmation of user input
in many systems.
Buzzer
35
The buzzers are of
different types such
Mechanical
buzzers, Electromechanical buzzers
and Piezoelectric buzzers.
36
are used for
temporary data storage. It is also used for data
transfer and data manipulation.
The serial-in serial-out and
parallel-in parallel-out shift
registers are used to produce time
delay to digital circuits.
74CH595 Shift Registers
37
is a 16-pin Motor Driver IC which can control a set of
two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. You can use it to
control small DC motors - toy motors.
L293D Motor Driver
38
are primarily used in
autonomous robotics only.
Motor Driver ICS
39
is also known as Angle Sensor, Angle
Switch, Tilt Sensor, Tip-Over Switch or Anti-
Dumping Switch. It provides a simple
ON/OFF signal when the application tilts to acertain angle according to each tilt switch. Once
the signal changed, the trigger function of your
design will be executed automatically. e.g. Automatic power-
off for smart home appliances like heaters or irons, screen rotation for
monitors, anti-theft system, auto-awake system for power-saving, etc.
Any kind of application which needs tilt detection is suitable.
Tilt Switch
40
provides the ability
to conveniently use a 9V battery to
power many common boards and
modules such as the popular
Arduino and compatible
microcontrollers. This plug is a
very common barrel type with an
outside diameter of 5.5mm and an
inside diameter of 2.1mm.
9V Battery Connector with DC Jack
41
are Female to Male Jumper Wire
for breadboard application. Handy for making wire
harnesses or jumpering between headers on
PC's. These premium jumper wires are 20cm
long and come in a 'strip' of 10 rainbow colors.
They have male header contacts on one end and
female header contacts on the other. They fit
cleanly next to each other on standard-pitch
header. You can always pull the ribbon wires off to
make individual jumpers, or keep them together to
make neatly organized wire harnesses.
F/M Dupont Wire
42
They can be used to control devices
such as lights, fans, motors,
solenoids, etc. It also has three high
voltage terminals (NC, C, and NO)
which connect to the device you want
to control. The other side has three
low voltage pins (Ground, Vcc, and
Signal) which connect to the Arduino.
5V RELAYS
43
are a fantastic
way to power all projects, from
motor-powered boats to electric
vehicles or even wiggle-bots.
Lightweight, durable and consistent
in output, they work fabulously as
"mini" electrical generators for
geared transmissions and DIY wind
pumps. Capable of producing
enough power to light a small bulb!
36-V Motor with Wire
44
is a device that is used to detect infrared (IR)
signals. It consists of an I receiver and a processing circuit that is used to
amplify and filter the signal from the receiver. The IR receiver is typically a
photodiode or a phototransistor that is sensitive to IR light and is able to detect
the presence of IR signals in its field of view.
When an IR signal is detected, the processing circuit
generates an electrical output signal that can be used to
indicate the presence of the IR signal. IR infrared
receiver modules are often used in conjunction with IR
transmitter modules to create a complete IR
communication system. They are used in a variety of
applications, including remote control systems, security
systems, and other applications that require the
detection of I signals.
IR Receiver Module
45
is a basic, ultra low-cost digital
temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to
measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital
signal on the data pin (no analog input pins
needed). Its fairly simple to use, but requires
10
careful timing to grab data.
This sensor is used in various applications such as measuring humidity and
temperature values in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
Weather stations also use these sensors to predict weather conditions. The
humidity sensor is used as a preventive measure in homes where people are
affected by humidity. Offices, cars, museums, greenhouses and industries
use this sensor for measuring humidity values and as a safety measure
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Module
46
is an electronic device that
measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the
reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic
waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound
(i.e. the sound that humans can hear).
It is also used primarily as proximity sensors. They can be
found in automobile self-parking technology and anti-collision safety systems.
It also is used in robotic obstacle detection systems, as well as manufacturing technology. In comparison to infrared (IR) sensors in proximity sensing applications, ultrasonic sensors are not as susceptible to
interference of smoke, gas, and other airborne particles (though the physical
components are still affected by variables such as heat).
Ultrasonic Sensor
47
are used in
many applications as front panel number
indicators. The most common
applications are calculators, microwave
ovens, electronic lab equipment like
function generators and frequency
counters.
A 7 segment LED display consists of 7 LEDs
arranged in such a way that it can display
numbers from 0 to 9. The arrangement of LEDs
in the display can be either common anode or
common cathode
1-Digit and 4-Digit 7-Segment Display
48
are designed to facilitate
the movement of air in confined
spaces and extreme temperature
environments and can be used for
both heating and cooling purposes.
The blades are tilted to maximize
airflow in any direction depending on
the pitch of the blades and can often
provide a reversible flow.
Fan Blades
49
is a device that converts sound waves into an
electrical signal that can be processed by an electronic circuit
They can be used to detect and measure the amplitude, frequency,
and duration of sound waves.
Sound sensors function like our ears,
having a diaphragm that converts
vibrations into signals. However, since
O.
the sound sensor is not human, it does
not have an actual diaphragm or actual
ears. Sound sensors can detect when
you clap your hands to switch on the light
or when you want to switch them off.
Sound Sensor
50
is a device that
measures the liquid level in a fixed
container that is too high or too low. A
water level indicator sensor, also known as
a probe sensor, is what tells the control
panel that corrective action is needed. A
combination of high and low sensors are
used to tell the control panel when water
levels are too high or too low. The control
panel will then automatically turn the pump
on or off depending on the corrective
action needed.
Water Level Sensor
51
are a type of human-
machine interface characterized by being
constructed from several layers of plastic films
or other flexible materials. Conductive
materials and graphic inks are printed or
laminated onto the surface of these plastic
films. They function by temporarily closing or
opening an electric circuit. The compact and
efficient construction of membrane switches
makes them suitable for a vast array of
applications such as household appliances
and industrial equipment interfaces.
Membrane Switch Module
52
is a device that
can measure the movement of a
knob in two directions: horizontal
(X-axis) and vertical (Y-axis). A
joystick module can be used to
control various things such as
games, robots, cameras, etc.
Joystick Module
53
is one
of the essential and low-cost components
in the electronics labs. It powers the
circuits and is also used for testing
purposes. The small compact module is
power efficient and can be operated using
an input voltage range of 6.5 Volts to 12
Volts. The module has two voltage
regulators which output 3.3 Volts and 5
Volts. It also has an onboard capacitor for
noise suppression and smoothing the input
voltage.
Breadboard Power Supply Module
54
motor is a type of motor that can rotate with great precision. Normally
this type of motor consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the
current position of the motor shaft, this feedback allows the servo motors to
rotate with great precision. If you want to rotate an object at some specific
angles or distance, then you use a servo motor. It is just made up of a simple
motor which runs through a servo mechanism. A servo motor usually comes
with a gear arrangement that allows us to get a very high torque servo motor in
small and lightweight packages.
Due to these features, they are being used in
many applications like toy car, RC helicopters
and planes, Robotics, etc. If motor is powered by
Micro servo
a DC power supply then it is called DC servo
motor, and if it is AC-powered motor then it is
called AC servo motor.
Servo Motor
55
is an electric motor whose main feature is that its shaft
rotates by performing steps, that is, by moving by a fixed amount of
degrees. This feature is obtained thanks to the internal structure of the
motor, and allows to know the exact angular position of the shaft by
simply counting how may steps have been performed, with no need for
a sensor. This feature also makes it fit for a wide range of applications.
The _______ is used for precise positioning
with a motor, such as hard disk drives, robotics,
antennas, telescopes, and some toys. Stepper
motors cannot run at high speeds, but have a high
holding torque.
Stepper Motor
56
small size, and easy to use. It uses
the ULN2003 driver chip to amplify the control signal from the Arduino. A
motor driver IC is an essential component used in controlling motors within
autonomous robots. These integrated circuits work as an interface between
microprocessors & the motors within robots, so these are frequently used to
drive DC motors in robotics from microcontrollers.
The main reason to use Motor Driver IC in different
applications is; most microprocessors work at low
voltages & use low current whereas the motors need a
relatively high voltage as well as current thus, the current
supply cannot be provided to the motor from the
microprocessor. The motor driver IC is used to change
sitt
the low current signal into a high current signal from the
microcontroller to drive the motor.
ULN2003 Stepper Motor Driver Board
57
are everywhere these
days, you probably have several of them
around your home to control your video and
audio equipment as well as air conditioners,
fans and even light bulbs.
Ideal for handling a variety of remote control
robots and interactive works. IR receiver
module can receive standard 38KHz
modulation remote control signal. You can
decode the remote control signal through
Arduino programming.
IR Remote Controls
58
The USB port serves two purposes: (1) it is the cable
connection to a computer which allows you to program
the board; (2) the USB cord will also provide power for
the Arduino if you're not using the power port.
USB Cable
