LESSON 1 Flashcards
is deterministic
Statistics
is probabilistic
Probability
the process which an observation (or measurement) data is obtained through either uncontrolled events in nature or controlled situations in a laboratory.
Experiment
the set whose elements are all the possible outcomes of an experiment.
Sample Space
elements in a sample space
Sample Points
has a finite number of outcomes
Finite Sample Space
has an infinite number of outcomes
Infinite Sample Space
a subset of the sample space.
Event
an event that contains one sample point.
Simple Event
has no outcomes, cannot occur.
Null Space {} or Empty Set Ø
consists of all outcomes that are contained in one event or the other.
The Union of Two Events
consists of all outcomes that are contained in one event and the other.
The Intersection of Two event
is the set of outcomes in the sample space that are not contained in the event.
The Complement of an Event
are the three special rules, or counting techniques, used to determine the number of outcomes in events.
- Multiplication rule
- Permutation rule
- Combination rule
is the likelihood or chance that a particular outcome or event from a random experiment will occur.
Probability
can often be determined from the probabilities of the individual events that comprise them.
Probabilities of joint events
can be rewritten to generalize a multiplication rule.
Conditional Probability
was an English mathematician and Presbyterian minister.
Thomas Bayes (1702-1761)
is a function that assigns a real number to each outcome in the sample space of a random experiment. It may also be fixed or continuous.
Random Variables
is a random variable with a finite or countably infinite range. Its values are obtained by counting.
Discrete random variable
is a random variable with an interval (either finite or infinite) of real numbers for its range. Its values are obtained by measuring.
Continuous random variable
A binomial trial can result in a success with probability p and a failure with probability q = 1 – p.
Binomial Distribution
if repeated independent trials can result in a success with probability p and a failure with probability q = 1 – p.
Negative Binomial Distribution
the probability distribution of the Poisson random variable X, representing the number of outcomes occurring in a given time interval or specified region denoted by t.
Poisson Distribution
