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CFP > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Computer is derived from the word __ which means to __

A

Compute - Calculate

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2
Q

Computer was originally defined as

A

Super-fast calculator

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3
Q

The information provided by the user to the computer

A

Data

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4
Q

The information in one form which is presented to the computer

A

Input data

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5
Q

Information in another form is presented by the computer after performing a process on it

A

Output data

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6
Q

Set of instructions given to the computer to perform various operations

A

Computer Program

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7
Q

The process of converting input to output data

A

Data processing

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8
Q

Defined as a fast and accurate data processing system that accepts data, performs various operations on the data, can store data, and produce the results

A

Computer

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9
Q

Functionalities of a Computer

A

Takes data as input
Stores the data/instructions in its memory
Process the data and convert it into useful info
Generate the ouput

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10
Q

Physical parts or components of a computer

A

Hardware

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11
Q

Collection of programs that utilize and enhance the capability of the hardware

A

Software

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12
Q

Software that manages the resources of a computer and schedule its operation

A

Operating system

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13
Q

Software that translates the instructions of different languages are known as

A

Translators

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14
Q

2 types of translators

A

Compiler
Interpreter

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15
Q

checks the entire user-written program (known as the source program) and if it is Error-free, produces a complete program in machine language (known as object
program).

A

Compiler

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16
Q

translates one statement at a time and if the source program contains an error, it will be free
executes until at the end of the execution of the program.

A

Interpreter

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17
Q

This language is in terms of binary codes (0,1).

A

Machine Language

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18
Q

It uses mnemonic codes rather than numeric codes

A

Assembly Language

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19
Q

These are referred to as problem-oriented languages (POL). These are referred to
as third-generation languages.

A

High-level language

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20
Q

convenient for writing programs as they can be written without any codes. These languages follow rules like the English language.

A

High level language

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21
Q

High-level language is also referred to as

A

problem oriented languages

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22
Q

Several High-Level Languages which are in common use

A

FORTRAN: Formula TRANslation
COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language
BASIC: Beginner‘s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
PROLOG: PROgramming in LOGic
ALGOL: ALGOrithmic Language

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23
Q

These are pre-written programs supplied by the manufacturer for maintaining the day-to-day activities of a computer system.

A

Utility Program

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24
Q

designed to help you
monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment.

A

Utility Software

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25
Q

These are user-written programs to do a specific job that can be changed to meet
individual needs

A

Application Program

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26
Q

These packages are developed to suit the needs of research workers /scientists in
different fields.

A

General Purpose Packages

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27
Q

The first generation of computers are made of

A

Vacuum Tubes

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28
Q

this allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on
a rack.

A

Abacus

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29
Q

a French mathematician invented the first mechanical machine, a rectangular brass box, called Pascaline

A

Blaise Pascal

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30
Q

it could perform addition and subtraction on
whole numbers.

A

Pascaline

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31
Q

a Frenchman invented the
machine that could perform the four basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.

A

Colmar

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32
Q

a machine that could perform the four basic arithmetic functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

A

Arithmometer

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33
Q

a British mathematician at Cambridge University invented the first analytical engine or difference engine.

A

Charles Babbage

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34
Q

known as ‘the father of the modern
digital computer”.

A

Charles Babbage

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35
Q

This was the first fully automatic calculating machine

A

Mark I

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36
Q

Who designed Mark I

A

Howard Aiken (in collaboration with IBM)

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37
Q

could perform the basic arithmetic and complex equations

A

Mark I

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38
Q

world’s first general-purpose electronic digital computer.

A

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

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39
Q

Who developed Atanasoff-Berry Computer

A

John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry

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40
Q

ENIAC was built using

A

18,000 Vacuum Tubes
70, 000 resistors
1,500 relays
and consumed 140 kilowatts of electrical power

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41
Q

ENIAC

A

Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator

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42
Q

This was the first machine that used the stored program concept.

A

EDVAC

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43
Q

EDVAC

A

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer

44
Q

5 distinct units of EDVAC

A

arithmetic
central control
memory
input
output

45
Q

Who designed EDVAC

A

Dr. John Von Neumann (mud 1490s)

46
Q

Who designed UNIVAC

A

Remington Rand

47
Q

this computer is designed specifically for business data processing applications.

A

UNIVAC

48
Q

UNIVAC

A

Universal Automatic Computer

49
Q

was the first general-purpose
commercially available computer.

A

UNIVAC

50
Q

In the second generation of computers Vacuum tube technology was replaced by

A

transistors

51
Q

what generation does the concept of the stored-program emerged.

A

2nd generation of computers

52
Q

The first
transistorized computer was

A

TX-0.

53
Q

The third-generation computers were characterized by use of

A

Integrated circuits

54
Q

The Fourth Generation realized _____ which could fit hundreds
of components on one chip and ____ which squeezed
thousands of components on one chip.

A

Large Scale Integration (LSI) - Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)

55
Q

a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.

A

Analog Computer

56
Q

computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities
represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.

A

digital computer

57
Q

Classification of Digital Computer

A
  • Notebook computer/laptop computer
  • hand held computer
58
Q

are a combination of Analog and Digital computers. They
combine the speed of analog computers and the accuracy of digital computers.

A

Hybrid Computer

59
Q

Classification of Hybrid Computers

A

Special Purpose Computer
General Purpose Computer

60
Q

These are developed with a specific purpose.

A

Special Purpose Computer

61
Q

These are developed to meet the requirements of several areas

A

General Purpose Computer

62
Q

Classification of General-Purpose Computers

A

-Supercomputer
-Mainframe Computer
-Mini computer
-Micro computer

63
Q

These have extremely large storage capacities
and computing speeds
which are at least 10 times faster than other computers.

A

Supercomputer

64
Q

They are used in applications like weather forecasting, space applications, etc., they
support a large number of terminals for use by a
variety of users simultaneously, but are expensive.

A

Mainframe Computer

65
Q

It is a medium-sized computer with moderate cost, available indigenously, and
used for large volume applications.

A

Mini Computer

66
Q

is the smallest general-purpose processing system.

A

micro computer

67
Q

also referred to as personal computers‖(PC).

A

micro computer

68
Q

Application of Computers

A

Scientific, Engineering, and Research
Business
Medicine
Information
Education
Games and Entertainment

69
Q

Computers are super-fast machines and can process millions of instructions per second.
Smaller computers can execute thousands of instructions per second

A

Speed

70
Q

They are capable of executing hundreds of
instructions without any errors.

A

Accuracy

71
Q

The computer can perform repetitive tasks with the same efficiency any number of times without exhausting
their selves.

A

Efficiency

72
Q

Computers are capable of storing large amounts of data in their storage devices.

A

storage

73
Q

They are capable not only of performing complex mathematical tasks of science and engineering, but also other non-numerical operations

A

Versatility

74
Q

Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks automatically

A

Automation

75
Q

Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same accuracy
without getting tired.

A

Diligence

76
Q

Computers reduce the amount of paperwork and human effort

A

Cost-effectiveness

77
Q
A
78
Q

Disadvantages of computer

A

Spread of pornography
Virus and hacking attack
Crashed network
Spread pf violence and hatred
Data and information violation

79
Q

Group of integrated parts designed to achieve a common objective

A

System

80
Q

Made up of more than one element where each element performs a specific function and where all the elements are logically related and controlled in such a way that the goal of the system is achieved

A

System

81
Q

Components of a computer system

A

Input unit
Central processing unit
Output unit

82
Q

Transform the data into a form a computer can accept

A

Input devices

83
Q

Reads and executes program instructions

A

CPU

84
Q

Known as the brain of the comp

A

CPU

85
Q

CPU consist of

A

Memory unit/storage
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Control Unit

86
Q

Controls the operation of the entire unit system

A

Control unit

87
Q

Execute the instructions and perform all the calculation and decision

A

ALU

88
Q

Also called as main memory

A

Primary storage unit

89
Q

Input units are stored in

A

Primary storage unit

90
Q

Also the area where intermediate results of calculation are stored

A

Primary storage unit

91
Q

Give the results of the process and commutations to the outside world

A

Output unit

92
Q

Physical device used to store programs and data

A

Memory

93
Q

2 types of memory

A

Primary
Secondary

94
Q

Used for the nformation in physical systems which are fast

A

Primary memory

95
Q

Physical devices for program and daya storage which are slow but offer higher memory capacity

A

Secondary memory

96
Q

Primary memory stored in secondary memory is called

A

Virtual memory

97
Q

Primary memory can be recognized as

A

Volatile memory (RAM)
Non volatile memory (ROM)

98
Q

computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information

A

Volatile memory

99
Q

RAM stands for

A

Random Access Memory

100
Q

2 types of ram

A

Static RAM
Dynamic RAM

101
Q

retains its contents as long as the power is connected and is easy to interface but uses six transistors per bit

A

SRAM

102
Q

More complicated to interface and to control and needs regular refresh cycles to prevent its contents being lost. Uses only one transistor and a capacitor per bit.

A

DRAM

103
Q

A computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered

A

Non volatile (ROM)

104
Q

ROM stands for

A

Read Only Memory

105
Q

is an intermediate between RAM and processor. It is very fast.

A

Cache Memoy

106
Q

Is a RAM that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM

A

Cache Memory

107
Q

is a new optical disc formay

A

Blu-Ray disc

CFP (1 decks)

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