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HEALTH EDUCATION > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A relatively permanent change in thinking emotional functioning skill and or behavior as a result of experience

  • the acquisition of knowledge
  • the process of gaining knowledge
A

Learning

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2
Q

Learning is something all humans do:

A

Fetuses learn
Infants learn
Children learn
Adults learn

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3
Q

True or False

Learning is uniquely human — not all living things learn

A

False

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4
Q

True or False

Learning evolved as an adaptation for promoting survival

A

True

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5
Q

True or False

There are times when what was learned needs to be on learned

A

True

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6
Q

Is a logical framework describing explaining or predicting how people learn

A

Learning Theory

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7
Q

Learning involves the individuals’:

A

Brain
Body

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8
Q

Learning involves others:

A

Dyads
Groups
Organizations
Communities
Society

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9
Q

Learning takes place somewhere:

A

In physical environment
With things and tools

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10
Q

Products of learning:

Learning is about…

A

Ideas & Concepts
Behaviors & Skills
Attitudes & Values

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11
Q

Provides a general explanation for observations made over time

  • explains and predicts behavior
  • can never be established beyond all doubt
  • maybe modified
  • maybe widely accepted for a long time and later disapproved
A

Theory

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12
Q

How do people learn?

A

We do not know for sure. But, we have multiple theories that provide glimpses of an answer from many different perspectives

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13
Q

Learning Theories:

A

Behaviorist LT
Cognitive LT
Social LT

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14
Q

Observes a person’s responses to the environment and then manipulates the stimuli in the environment

  • learning is the result of connections made between the stimulus conditions in the environment and the individuals responses
  • S–R Model of Learning
  • recommends altering the conditions in the environment and reinforcing positive behaviors after they occur
A

Behaviorist Learning Theory

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15
Q

Is explained as the desire to reduce some drive (drive reduction) such as the desire for food, security, recognition, and money

A

Motivation

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16
Q

Occurs when there is a similarity in the stimuli and responses in the initial learning situation two future situations where behavior is expected to occur

A

Transfer of learning

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17
Q

Two ways to change behavior in behaviorist learning theory:

A

Respondent Conditioning
Operant Conditioning

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18
Q
  • First identified and demonstrated by a russian physiologist
  • also termed as Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning
  • emphasizes the importance of stimulus conditions in the environment and the association formed in the learning process
A

Respondent Conditioning

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19
Q

The Russian physiologist who first identified and demonstrated Respondent Conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

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20
Q

Basic model of learning of Respondent Conditioning:

A

Neutral stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Condition stimulus (CS)
Condition response (CR)

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21
Q

Basic Model of Learning:
Stimulus that has no special value or meaning to be learned

A

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

22
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Respondent Conditioning highlights the importance of what is going on in the ________ in healthcare

A

Environment

23
Q

Fill in the blank:

Principles of respondent conditioning maybe used to get rid of or eliminate a previously _____ _____

A

learned response

24
Q

Fill in the blank:

Respondent Conditioning is especially useful in teaching people to _____ or _____

A

reduce their anxiety; break bad habits

25
Q

Is a technique based on respondent conditioning that is used by psychologist to reduce fear and anxiety in their clients

A

Systemic Desensitization

26
Q

Fill in the blanks

Systemic desensitization assumption is that fear of a particular stimulus or situation is learned thus it can also be _____ or ______

A

Unlearned; distinguished

27
Q

This method involves teaching fearful individuals relaxation techniques, then fear producing stimulus is gradually introduced at a non threatening level so that anxiety and emotions are not aroused

A

Systemic Desensitization

28
Q

The tendency of initial learning experience to be easily applied to other similar stimuli

Example: listening to friends and relatives describe a hospital experience it becomes apparent that a highly positive or negative personal encounter may color the patients evaluation of their hospital stays as well as their subsequent feelings about having to be hospitalized again.

A

Stimulus Generalization

29
Q

Patients who have been hospitalized a number of times often have learned a lot about hospitalization as a result of their experiences they make sophisticated distinctions and can discriminate among stimuli

A

Discrimination Learning

30
Q
  • a useful respondent conditioning concept
  • principle is although a response may appear to be extinguished it may recover and reappear at any time especially when stimulus conditions are similar to those in the initial learning experience
  • “It is much easier to learn a behavior than to unlearn it”
A

Spontaneous Recovery

31
Q

Focuses on the behavior of the organism and the reinforcement that occurs after the response

A

Operant Conditioning

32
Q

Who developed Operant Conditioning?

A

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (BF Skinner)

33
Q

A _____ is a stimulus or event applied after a response that strengthens the probability that the response will be performed again

A

Reinforcement

34
Q

Modified T or F

The best way to increase the probability that a response will occur again is to apply negative reinforcement or rewards before the behavior occurs

A

Positive Reinforcement; after

35
Q

Kinds of reinforcements to give to increase the probability of a response:

A

Positive Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement

36
Q

A kind of reinforcement that applies a pleasant stimulus to increase the behavior

A

Positive Reinforcement

37
Q

A kind of reinforcement that applies a pleasant stimulus following an organism’s response

A

Reward Conditioning

38
Q

A kind of reinforcement that removes an aversive or unpleasant stimulus

A

Negative Reinforcement

39
Q

A kind of reinforcement that applies an aversive stimulus, that the organism makes a response that causes the unpleasant stimulus to cease

A

Escape Conditioning

40
Q

A kind of reinforcement where an aversive stimulus is anticipated by the organism which makes a response to avoid the unpleasant event

A

Avoidance Conditioning

41
Q

Kinds of reinforcements to give to decrease or extinguish the probability of a response:

A

Nonreinforcement
Punishment

42
Q

A type of reinforcement where an organism’s condition response is not followed by any kind of reinforcement

A

Nonreinforcement

43
Q

A kind of reinforcement that follows a response, an aversive stimulus is applied that the organism cannot escape or avoid

A

Punishment

44
Q

Learning theory that focuses on what goes on inside the mind of the learner

  • this theory stresses the importance of what goes “inside” the learner
A

Cognitive Learning Theory

45
Q

Fill in the blanks:

According to cognitive learning theory for individuals to learn, they must change their perceptions and _____ and form new _____ and insights

A

thoughts; understandings

46
Q

Modified True or False:

In Cognitive Learning Theory the individual largely directs the learning process by organizing information based on new information and then reorganizing the information into new understanding

A

False; based on what is already known

47
Q

The learner’s understanding of their way of learning

A

Metacognition

48
Q

The ability to take information learned in one situation and apply it to another

A

Transfer

49
Q

Cognitive Theory well known perspectives:

A

Gestalt Perspective, Information Processing, Cognitive Development, Social Cognition Theory

50
Q

One of the oldest psychological theories

  • emphasizes the importance of perception and learning
  • refers to the configuration or patterned organization of cognitive elements reflecting the maxim that: “The whole is larger than the sum of its parts”
A

Gestalt Perspective

51
Q

Fill in the blanks: (Gestalt Perspective)

Perception and _____ of stimuli are the keystone learning with each learner perceiving, interpreting, & ____ experiences in their own ____

A

patterning; reorganizing; way

HEALTH EDUCATION (1 decks)

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