LESSON 1 Flashcards
a branch of biology, focuses on the regular functions of living organisms and their components.
Physiology
is a group of muscle tissues
which contract together to produce a force.
muscle
sent from the brain along a bundle of nerves.
signal
uses ATP as an energy source to crawl along the green filament, actin.
Myosin
can be used by the body for fuel or for anabolic processes.
Protein
are those that build up the
body
Anabolic processes
are those that break
down the body.
catabolic processes
It is recommended that athletes consume 20-30% of calories as fat.
Fat
are the main source of fuel for athletes, especially those participating in endurance sports.
Carbohydrates
is a crucial part of our diet that is often overlooked due to its lack of “substance”
Water Intake
lowers both sodium and the
volume-dependent part of the thirst drive (making one less thirsty).
Blood dilution
Strenuous exercise can
produce free radicals that cause damage to all of our cells.
VITAMINS AND MINERALS
Athletes are at risk for developing some common
nutrient deficiencies/health problems, including:
The B vitamins
Iron-deficiency anemia
Osteoporosis
Intense and lengthy exercise
The increased energy metabolism seen with athletes creates a need for more of the B vitamins that serve as helpers in the energy production cycle.
The B vitamins
is not frequently seen among athletes, but suboptimal iron stores are common.
Iron-deficiency anemia
can become a problem in females who exercise strenuously enough.
Osteoporosis
It contains full reflex circuits for control of intestinal motility, fluid transport, blood flow and nutrient handling.
neural control
is part of autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic nervous system
This can include control of heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, urination and sweating, among other functions.
“automatic” nervous system
also called the somatomotor or somatic efferent nervous system, supplies motor impulses to the skeletal muscles.
Somatic nervous system
Because these nerves permit conscious control of the skeletal muscles, it is sometimes called the
voluntary nervous system
are factors or signals that cause blood vessels to narrow, leading to a reduction in diameter.
Vasoconstrictor stimuli
are medicines that open, also called dilate, blood vessels.
Vasodilators
IS SIMPLY THE NUMBER OF CALORIES YOUR BODY USES
ENERGY EXPENDITURE
