LESSON 1

Question 1

any interruption of a pregnancy before fetus is viable more than 20 to 24 weeks gestation or weighs at least 500 g

Answer 1

spontaneous miscarriage

Question 2

occurs before week 16 of pregnancy

Answer 2

spontaneous miscarriage

Question 3

Medical term of any interruption of a pregnancy before a fetus is viable

Answer 3

abortion

Question 4

Planned medical termination of pregnancy

Answer 4

elective abortion

Question 5

causes of this miscarriage/abortion is:

Abnormal fetal formation
•Teratogenic factors
•Chromosomal aberration
•Rejection of the embryo through immune response

Answer 5

elective abortion

Question 6

Causes of this miscarriage
•Corpus luteum fails to produce enough progesterone

Answer 6

spontaneous miscarriage

Question 7

causes of this miscarriage:
Rubella, syphilis, poliomyelitis, CMV and Toxoplasmosis , UTI

Answer 7

spontaneous miscarriage

Question 8

causes of this miscarriage:
•Implantation abnormalities
•Inadequate endometrial formation or •inappropriate site of implantation •Inadequate implantation inadequate placental circulation and fetal nutrition

Answer 8

spontaneous miscarriage

Question 9

amount of bleeding of threatened miscarriage

Answer 9

slight spotting

Question 10

uterine cramping of threatened miscarriage

Answer 10

mild

Question 11

is there a passage of tissue in threatened miscarriage

Answer 11

no

Question 12

is there cervical dilation in threatened miscarriage

Answer 12

no

Question 13

management in threatened miscarriage

Answer 13

bed rest sedation

Question 14

what to avoid when having threatened miscarriage

Answer 14

stress
sexual stimulation
orgasm usually recommended
further treatment depends on the woman’s response to treatment

Question 15

amount of bleeding in inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

Answer 15

moderate

Question 16

uterine cramping of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

Answer 16

mild to severe

Question 17

pass-age of tissue of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

Answer 17

No, loss of pro-ducts of con-ception can-not be halted

Question 18

is there a cervical dilation in inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

management of inevitable (imminent) miscarriage

Answer 19

sonogram to know if the uterus is empty or the fetus is not viable — D & E
(dilation evacuation)
and then check for post D&E
assess vaginal bleeding

Question 20

Amount of bleeding in incomplete miscarriage

Answer 20

heavy / profuse

Question 21

uterine cramping of incomplete miscarriage

Answer 21

severe

Question 22

is there a passage of tissue in incomplete miscarriage

Answer 22

Yes
Membrane or placenta is retained in the uterus

Question 23

is there a cervical dilation in cervix when having an incomplete miscarriage

Answer 23

Yes, with tissue in cervix

Question 24

management in incomplete miscarriage

Answer 24

D & C or suction curettage to prevent hemorrhage and infection

Question 25

amount of bleeding in complete miscarriage

Answer 25

slight

Question 26

uterine cramping in complete miscarriage

Answer 26

mild

Question 27

is there a passage of tissue complete miscarriage

Answer 27

yes fetus membranes, placenta

Question 28

is there a cervical dilation

Answer 28

yes

Question 29

management for complete miscarriage

Answer 29

•No further intervention is needed if uterine contractions are adequate to prevent hemorrhage and there is no infection. •Suction or curettage to ensure no retained fetal or maternal tissue. •Bleeding slows down within 2 hours and ceases within a few days after passage of products of conception

Question 30

outcome in missed or (early pregnancy failure)

Answer 30

- fetus dies in the utero but not expelled - no increase in fundic height - no fetal heart rate

Question 31

is there passage of tissue in early pregnancy failure

Answer 31

no apparent loss of pregnancy

Question 32

cervical dilation in early pregnancy failure

Answer 32

is there passage of tissue in early pregnancy failure

Question 33

management for early pregnancy failure

Answer 33

Sonogram – failure of growth D & E If over 14 weeks – induction of labor (misoprostol and oxytocin) Spontaneous miscarriage within 2 weeks (danger of DIC)

Question 34

defined as a three or more consecutive abortions

Answer 34

recurrent miscarriage

Question 35

amount of bleeding in recurrent miscarriage

Answer 35

varies

Question 36

uterine cramping in recurrent miscarriage

Answer 36

varies

Question 37

is there a passage of tissue in recurrent miscarriage

Answer 37

yes

Question 38

is there a cervical dilation in recurrent miscarriage

Answer 38

yes usually

Question 39

management for recurrent miscarriage

Answer 39

Prophylactic cerclage may be done if premature cervical dilation is the cause. •Tests : ➢ parental cytogenetic analysis ➢lupus anticoagulant and ➢anticardiolipin antibodies assay.

Question 40

abortion that is complicated by infection

Answer 40

septic miscarriage

Question 41

what is a (danger of DIC)

Answer 41

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 42

management of septic miscarriage

Answer 42

usually •Immediate termination of pregnancy •Cervical culture and sensitivity studies •broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (e.g. ampicillin) is started. •Treatment for septic shock is initiated, if necessary. •Tetanus toxoid/ tetanus Ig

Question 43

management for hemorrhage

Answer 43

Assess amount of bleeding •Rule of thumb: More than one sanitary pad per hour is excessive •Monitor vital signs to detect hypovolemic shock •Massage the uterine fundus to aid contraction •Dilatation and curettage •Suction curettage •Transfusion

Question 44

implantation occurs outside uterine cavity

Answer 44

ectopic pregnancy

Question 45

signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 45

Nausea and vomiting –Positive pregnancy test –6 to 12 weeks AOG •rupture of fallopian tube •Trophoblast cells break •Tearing and destruction of the blood vessels