Lesson 1 Flashcards
Refers to the overall plan
and scheme for conducting
the study.
RESEARCH
DESIGN
The purpose of this design is to
describe the status of an identified
variable such as events, people or
subjects as they exist.
DESCRIPTIVE
RESE ARCH
DESIGN
They are also known as
longitudinal repeated-measure
studies. They are also referred to as
interventions, because you do more
than just observe the subjects.
EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH
DE SIGN
To collect, verify and
synthesize evidence
from the past to
establish facts that
defend or refute your
hypothesis.
HISTORICAL
RE SEARCH
DE SIGN
A process of getting information
from a proper subset of population.
describe the
population characteristic through
the values obtained from a sample
as accurately as possible.
SAMPLING
Detailed outline of which measurements
will be taken at what times, on which
material, in what manner, and by whom
that supports the purpose of an analysis.
SAMPLING PLAN
It refers to a sampling
techniques in which samples
are obtained using some
objective chance
mechanism.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
This technique when there is
no way of estimating the
probability that each element
has of being included in the
sample and no assurance that
every element has a chance
of being included.
NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
Are the data gathering
devices that will be used in
the study.
INSTRUMENT
RESEARCH COMPLETED INSTRUMENT
Rating scales
interview schedules/ guide
tally sheets
flowcharts
performance checklist
time and motion logs
observation forms
SUBJECT COMPLETED INSTRUMENT
questionnaires
self-checklist
altitude scales
personality inventories
achievement test
projective devices
sociometric devices
Refers to the extent to
which the instrument
measures what it
intends to measure
and performs as it is
designed to perform.
VALIDITY
TYPES OF VALIDITY
extent to which research instrument
accurately measures all aspect of a construct.
CONTENT VALIDITY
TYPES OF VALIDITY
extent to which a research
instrument or tool measures the intended
construct.
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
TYPES OF VALIDITY
the extent to which a research
instruments is related to other instruments that
measure the same variables.
Criterion Validity
Relates to the extent to
which the instrument is
consistent. The instrument
should be able to obtain in
approximately the same
response when applied to
respondents who are
similarly situated.
RELIABILITY
ATTRIBUTES
OF RELIABILITY
the extent to which all the items
on a scale measure one construct.
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
TYPES OF REALIABILITY
the consistency of results using an
instrument with repeated testing.
Stability or Test-Retest Correlation
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
consistency among responses of
multiple users of an instrument, or among
alternate forms of an instrument.
Equivalence
known as primary data/raw
data. These are data obtained from your own researchers, surveys, observations and interviews.
Primary Sources
These are data obtained from
secondary sources such as reports,
books, journals, documents,
magazine, internet and more.
Secondary Sources
the researcher asks a standard set of questions and nothing
more. The interview follows a specific format with the same line of
questioning.
Structured Interview
most frequently used. It can be conducted in the respondent’s
home of workplace, halls or even simply in the street
Face to Face Interview
less consuming and less expensive. The researcher has ready to
access to anyone who has a telephone.
Telephone Interview
is a form of personal interview but instead of completing a
questionnaire, the interviewer brings along a laptop or handheld computer to
enter the information directly into the database.
Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing
include respondent’s name, address, date of the interview and
name of the interviewer.
Respondents info
Respondent’s Identification Data
is the interviewer’s request for help. It is normally scripted and
lays out the credentials of the market research company, the purpose of
the study and any aspects of confidentiality.
Introduction
refers to the interviewer and the respondent’s directions on how to move
through the questionnaire such as which question to skip and where to move to if
certain answer are given.
Instruction
is the main body of the document and is made up of the many questions and
response codes.
Information
establish the important characteristic of the respondent, particularly related to
their demographic which are sometimes at the front of questionnaire or sometimes at
the end.
Classifications Data and Information
can be sent to a large number of people and saves the researcher time and money.
Paper-pencil Questionnaire
new and inevitably growing methodology using the internet based research.
Web-based-Questionnaire
are general distributed through mail. Filled out and administered by the respondent themselves which is returned via email to the researcher.
Self-administered Questionnaire
way of gathering data by watching behaviors, events, or nothing
physical characteristics in their natural setting.
OBSERVATION
when everyone knows they are being observed.
OVERT
when no one knows they are being observe and the
observes is concealed.
COVERT
provide a way to assess subject’s knowledge and capacity to apply this
knowledge to new situations.
TEST
provide information on how the target performs
against a reference group or normative population.
Norm-referenced tests
constructed to determined whether or not the
respondents/subjects have attained mastery of a skill or knowledge area.
Criterion-reference tests
provides an assessment against a level of skill attainment,
but includes standards for performance at varying levels of proficiency.
Proficiency Test
A type of quantitative data that has already been collected by someone
else for a purpose different from yours.
SECONDARY DATA
are those from books, journals, periodicals, abstracts, indexes,
directories, research reports, conference papers, market reports, annual
reports, internal records of organizations, newspapers and magazines.
Paper-based sources
are those from CD-ROMs, online databases, internet, videos and
broadcast.
Electronic sources
Describe the participants in your research study, including who they
are, how many they are, and how they are selected.
Participants
Describe the materials, measures, equipment, or stimuli used in
your research study. This may include testing instruments, technical
equipment, books, images or other materials used in the course of your
study.
Materials
Describe the research design used in your research study. Specify the
variables as well as the levels and measurement of these variables.
Design
The detail of the research procedures used in your research study should be properly
explained.
Procedure
