lesson 1

Question 1

what does the ANS govern?

Answer 1

involuntary bodily functions like heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Question 2

How does ANS act independently? (of…)

Answer 2

conscious control, maintaining internal balance.

Question 3

how is sympathetic branch activated?

Answer 3

Triggered in response to stress, danger, or excitement.

Prepares the body for quick and intense actions.

Question 4

SYMP. physiological effects

Answer 4

• Increases heart rate and stroke volume.
  
  • Dilation of airways for enhanced oxygen intake.
  • Release of stress hormones, like adrenaline.
  • Redirects blood flow to vital organs and muscles.

Question 5

SYMP. effects on pupils

Answer 5

Dilated pupils for improved vision in alert situations.

Question 6

how is parasympathetic division activated?

Answer 6

Dominant during periods of rest, relaxation, and digestion.
- Counteracts the effects of the sympathetic system.

Question 7

PARASYMP Physiological Effects

Answer 7

• Slows heart rate and decreases blood pressure.
  
  • Constricts airways.
  • Stimulates digestive processes.
  • Facilitates nutrient absorption and energy storage.

Question 8

PARASYMP pupils

Answer 8

• Constricted pupils, promoting near vision and aiding digestion.

Question 9

ANS Balance and Homeostasis

Answer 9

Continuous interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
- Ensures the body can adapt to varying internal and external conditions.

Question 10

Sympathetic Branch
Neurotransmitter Release?

Answer 10

• Utilizes norepinephrine as the primary neurotransmitter.
  
  • Triggers a widespread, rapid response throughout the body.

Question 11

Symp Peripheral Effects:

Answer 11

• Dilates blood vessels in skeletal muscles for increased blood flow.
  
  • Inhibits digestion to divert resources to essential functions.

Question 12

what happens to Sweat Glands under Symp division

Answer 12

Increased sweating as a response to stress.

Question 13

Parasympathetic Branch
-Neurotransmitter Release?

Answer 13

• Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter.
  
  • Acts more localized compared to the sympathetic system.

Question 14

Parasympathetic - Peripheral Effects

Answer 14

• Constricts blood vessels, particularly in the digestive system.
  
  • Stimulates salivary gland secretion and digestive enzyme release.

Question 15

Parasympathetic Restoration and Relaxation

Answer 15

• Supports recovery, energy conservation, and tissue repair during rest.

Question 16

what are Autonomic Ganglia

Answer 16

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system.
- Serve as relay points for information transfer between the central nervous system and target organs.

Question 17

how does ANS do Adaptation and Variability

Answer 17

adapts its responses based on the perceived level of threat or relaxation.
- Individual variability in responses due to genetic, environmental, and situational factors.