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lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

means ‘psyche’ and ‘logos’

A

mind or souland study of

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2
Q

scientific study of mind or mental process and behavior

A

Psychology

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3
Q

associate fhe way of thinking to a individual’s behavior. what behavior of a man runs in his mind

A

study of behavior

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4
Q

includes forms of cognition and ways of thinking

A

mental process

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5
Q

Different types of behavior.

A

overt and covert,
rational and irrational,
conscious and unconscious,
voluntary and involuntary; and
simple and complex

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6
Q

type of behavior: overt

A

observable behavior and outwardly manifested

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7
Q

type of behavior: covert

A

not seen or visible or hidden

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8
Q

type of behavior: rational

A

behavior/action done with a action

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9
Q

type of behavior: irrational

A

behavior/action that does not have a apparent reason

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10
Q

type of behavior: conscious

A

individual is aware of behavior done

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11
Q

type of behavior: unconscious

A

individual is not aware of doing so

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12
Q

type of behavior: voluntary

A

done with full volition/ will

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13
Q

type of behavior: involuntary

A

done without thinking

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14
Q

type of behavior: simple and complex

A

based on the number of neurons to process a behavior

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15
Q

goals of psychology

A

describe, explain, predict and change

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16
Q

goals of psychology: describe

A

based on observations, sign and symptoms
detailed characterization of responses, actions and reactions

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17
Q

goals of psychology: explain

A

answers why and understands behavior or characteristics
gathering sufficient details to give reason why behavior exist

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18
Q

goals of psychology: predict

A

foretell the behavior by pattern
anticipate triggersto alleviate anxiety and prevent

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19
Q

goals of psychology: change

A

modify and improve action, intervention, and treatment
to be able to control, influence and change behavior

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20
Q

Human mind is composed of atoms

A

Democritus

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21
Q

Plato

A

Soul is distinct and is god given
Soul is the knower, thinker, determiner

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22
Q

Soul is distinct to man and it is god-given
Soul is knower, thinker, determiner

A

Plato

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23
Q

Plato’s element of soul (intellectual parts)

A

Elements of reason
Spirited element
Element of bodily appetites and desire

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24
Q

Plato’s elements of soul: element of reason

A

In the head, highest level of value

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25
Q

Plato’s elements of soul: spirited element

A

In the heart, express his emotion

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26
Q

Plato’s elements of soul: elements of bodily appetites and desire

A

In the diaphragm

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27
Q

Father of psychology

A

Aristotle

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28
Q

First person to put into writing his explanation pertaining to man’s behavior
Brain is merely a gland and would perform minor function

A

Aristotle

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29
Q

Aristotle’s functions of soul

A

Vegetative
Appetitive
Rational

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30
Q

Aristotle’s functions of soul: vegetative

A

Basic maintenance of life

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31
Q

Aristotle’s functions of soul: appetitive

A

Desire and motives

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32
Q

Aristotle’s functions of soul: rational

A

Reason that is located in the heart

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33
Q

Father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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34
Q

Relation of temperament to physiological factors

A

Galen

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35
Q

Galen’s different temperaments

A

Sanguine
Phlegmatic
Melancholic
Choleric

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36
Q

Yellow bile for cheerfulness

A

Sanguine

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37
Q

Green bile for sluggishness or slow

A

Phlegmatic

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38
Q

Black bile for sadness

A

Melancholic

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39
Q

Red bile for irascibility, quick mannered or irritable

A

Choleric

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40
Q

Introduced the method of introspection
Describe his own conscious process

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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41
Q

Minnd is a living matter to his idea of immortality
Body dies, soul seperates and become spirits

A

St. Thomas of Aquinas

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42
Q

Rufolf Gockel

A

coined the term psychology

“Yucologia hoc est de hominis perfectione, anima, ortu”

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43
Q

First to proposed that psychology should separate from philosolhy
Psychology should be treated as a natural science

A

Francis Bacon

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44
Q

Idea of dualism

Concept of reflex actio

A

Rene Decartes

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45
Q

Human beings are physical objects and sophisticated machines whose functions and activities can be described and explained in purely mechanistic terms

A

Thomas Hobbes

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46
Q

Concept of tabula rosa, mind is a blank slate/tablet
Gather contents through experience

A

John Locke

47
Q

Theory of knowledge, idea becomes the only reality

A

George Berkely

48
Q

Theory of reality

A

Christian Von Wolf

49
Q

Christian Von Wolf’s Theory of Reality: ontology

A

Treats of possible things

50
Q

Christian Von Wolf’s Theory of Reality: metaphysics

A

Treats of actual things (special subjects: the universe, soul, god)

51
Q

Difference between impressions and ideas
Difference between created images and direct sensations

A

David Hume

52
Q

Utilized the method of “animal magnetism” in curing hysteria
Later known as “hypnosis”
Used as a form of psychotheraphy, relaxation technique and alternative to anesthesia

A

Franz Anton Mesmer

53
Q

Mind is not blank
Mind is vapable of acquiring knowledge through sensory experience/ environment

A

Immanuel Kant

54
Q

Responsible for making psychology as a science

A

Johann Friedrich Herbart

55
Q

Pioneered areas about the ideas that it is necessary to be simulated in order to be able to gain sensations

A

Ernst Weber

56
Q

Made the theory of color vision
Eye can only see the basic colors and the other colors that can be seen is a product or mixture of the different colors

A

Hermann Von Helmholtz

57
Q

Theory of evolution
Man evolved from primitive species
Concept of natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

58
Q

Law of the connection between mind and the body (october 22, 1850)
Can be found in a statement of quantitative relation between mental sensations and material stimulus

A

Gustav Fechner

59
Q

Known as Broca’s brain
Persons who suffered damage to a specific area of the brain’s left hemisphere may lose their ability to speak fluently

A

Paul Broca

60
Q

Father of behavioral genetics
Introduced the idea of individual differences

A

Francis Galton

61
Q

First psychological laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany
Father of modern/scientific psychology
Studied the phenomenon of the consciousness

A

Willhem Wundt

62
Q

Founder of american psychology
Published a book eith Wundt entitled “principles of psychology”

A

William James

63
Q

First to formally describe bipolar behavior
Coined the term “manic depressive”
Explains how mania and depression both affect the patient

Father of modern psychiatry

A

Emil Kraeplin

64
Q

Studied under Willhem Wundt
Develoved the idea of structuralism

A

Edward Titchener

65
Q

Father of psychoanalysis
Study of unconscious mind
Developed the psychoanalytic process of free association

A

Sigmund Freud

66
Q

Theory of origins of neurosis
Established analytic psychology
Importance of collective unconscious as the basis to affect behavior

A

Carl Jung

67
Q

Importance of superiority and inferiority that affects man’s existence
Birth order characteristics/personality

A

Alfred Adler

68
Q

Human have “basic need for love and security”
Humans tend to feel ancious or agitated when alienated/isolated

A

Karen Horney

69
Q

Major contributions to psychology through the statistical evolution of human behavior
Developed correlational analysis, chi-squared statistic and pearson r

A

Karl Pearson

70
Q

First systematic psychometritian
Father of classical test theory
Pioneered statistical technique called factor analysis

A

Charles Spearman

71
Q

Developed the first intelligence quotient (iq) test

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

72
Q

Research on physiology of digestion led to development of the first experimental model of learning “classical conditioning”

A

Ivan Pavlov

73
Q

Exponent of hormic psychology
Human progress can only be determined in terms of “horme” or “drive”
Human behavior is determined by both instinctive and intentional strivings

A

William McDougall

74
Q

Father of educstional psychology
Known for his early animal studies
Founding principle of instrumental learnjng, “the law of effect”

A

Edward Thorndike

75
Q

Contributed the system of operant conditioning
Organisims in the process of “operating” on the environment (means bouncing around it’s world, doing what it does)

A

BF Skinner

76
Q

An organized explanation of a certain phenomena believed by groups of people supporting the principle
Also called school of thought

A

Schools of Psychology

77
Q

school of psychology

Importance of stucture of the mind
Mind is structured through conscious experiences
Used the method called introspection

William James and William Wundt

A

Structuralism

78
Q

school of psychology

Importance of “function of the mind”
Importance of functional adjustment of an organism to his environment
Called themselves ‘functionalist’

John Dewey, William James, James Rowland Angell and Harvey Carr

A

Functionalism

79
Q

school of psychology

Believed that observable behavior was the only reliable source of information
Importance of the environment in shaping an individual’s behavior
Looked for connections between observable behavior and stimuli form the environment

John B. Watson (jntroduced in 1913)

A

Behaviorism

80
Q

school of psychology

Means “to configure” or “to form or pattern”
Believed that human beings and other animals percieve the external world as an organized pattern

Max Wertheimer (founded in 1912)

A

Gestalt

81
Q

school of thoughts

Work of unconscious behavior
Behavior is determined by powerful inner force, most of which are buried in the unconscious mind
Developed as a form of psychotheraphy, theory of personality and theory of development

Sigmund Freud (founded during late 1800s and early 1900s)

A

Psychoanalysis

82
Q

school of psychology

Use of minf and its behavior
A theoretical perspective that focuses on the realms of human perception, thought and memory

Jean Piaget, learn better when they can invent knowledge through jnquiry and experimentation
Lev Vygotsky, emphasize the tole of social interactions in knowledge

A

Cognitive Analysis

83
Q

school of psychology

Believe in both free will and the uniqueness of an individual
Meaning of existence
Individual behaviors are not seen as evil or good but neutral, interpreted only by the individual

Brenato and Husserl

A

Existentialist Psychology

84
Q

school of psychology

Nature of man, importance of being postive and present
Believed that an individual’s behavior is primarily determined by his perception of the world arpu d him
Individuals are internally directed and motivated to fulfill their human potential

Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic

85
Q

School of Psychology

A

Structuralism
Funtionalism
Behaviorism
Gestalt
Psychoanysis
Cognitive Analysis
Existentialist Psychology
Humanistic

86
Q

Branch of Psychology

A

Theoretical and Applied

87
Q

Branch of Psychology: Theoretical DEFINITION

A

based from proposed explanation or conclusion involves theories, concepts and basic principles

88
Q

Branch of Psychology: Applied DEFINITION

A

application of concepts, theories and principles

89
Q

Branch of Psychology: Theoretical

A

Experimental (observations and experiments)
Abnormal (study the cause of behavioral disorders)
Physiological (functions of the different organs and systems of the body relating to behavior)
Dynamic (interpretation of internal drives and motives)
Developmental (growth and development)
Comparative (behavior and mental process of different species)

90
Q

Branch of Psychology: Applied

A

Educational (psychological principles to the problems of education)
Industrial (business, firms and industries)
Social (study of people’s behavior in relation to society)
Counseling (alleviating and preventing mental illness)
Clinical (treatment of mental disorders)
Forensic/Legal (law or legal proceedings)
Psychometric (measurements of behavior and capacities through the psychological test)

91
Q

8 Related Fields of Psychology

A

Biopsychology
Physiological Psychology
Psychiatry
Psychotheraphy
Psychotropics
Psychosurgery
Social Psychology
Psycholinguistics

92
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Biopsychology

A

Application of the principle of biology to the study of mental process and behavior

93
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Physiological Psychology

A

Study of nueral mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the beains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled environment

94
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Psychiatry

A

Branch of medicine
Exists to study, prevent and treat mental disorders in human

95
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Psychotheraphy

A

Application of specialized psychological methods to the treatment of diagnosed mental disorders

96
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Psychotropics

A

Subfield of medicine that deals with the various pharmacological agents
Such as antidepressants, anti anxiety, anti manic, and anti psychotic agents to utilized to effect behavior, mood and feelings

97
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Psychosurgery

A

Branch of medicine
Involves the surgical serving and chemical alterations of brain fibers with the purpose to modifying psychological distrubances and other behavior aberrations

98
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Social Psychology

A

Merged discipline of sociology and anthropology

99
Q

Related Fields of Psychology: Psycholinguistics

A

Or psychology of language
Study of psychological and nuerobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use and understand language

100
Q

Mental Health Profesionals

A

Have their respective licensures
All tries to understand how the brain works, includinv emotions, feelings and thoughts

101
Q

Have their respective licensures
All tries to understand how the brain works, including emotions, feelings a d thoughts

A

Mental health professionals

102
Q

4 mental health professionals

A

Psychometrician
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Counselor

103
Q

4 mental health professionals

A

Psychometrician
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Counselor

104
Q

Psychology major graduates who acquire licensure
Incharge of assessment procedures, vital in ensuring effective treatment of mental health problems

A

Psychometrician

105
Q

Specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
They hold masters or doctorate level qualifications in psychology
Focus on providing psychotheraphy to help patients
Clinical Psychology

A

Psychologist

106
Q

Are medical doctors
Diagnose illness, manage treatment, and provide a range of therapies for comples and serious mental illnesss
Prescribe medications

A

Psychiatrist

107
Q

Has a master’s degreein psychology, counseling or a related field
Have training sikilar to clinical psychologist but with emphasis on helping people cope with more normal life problems

A

Counselors

108
Q

Study of oneself

A

Introspection

109
Q

Method of examining and interpreting but never infering with the behavior being studied

A

Naturalistic observation

110
Q

Direct observation and participates with the subject

A

Participant observation

111
Q

Investigator wants to investigate a larger group within a shorter time
Tools such as questionnaire, inventories, schedules or interviews, opinionaries or attitude scales

A

Survey

112
Q

Used to study a behavior
Can be brought into the laboratory and studied under controlled behavior
Willhem Wundt first used this method

A

Experimental Method

113
Q

Method used by psychologists in studying behavior
Search for relationships

A

Correlational study

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