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Intro to Psychology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study of behavior and mental process

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Set of hypothesised statements about the relationship among events

A

Theory

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3
Q

Propose reasons for relationships

A

Theory

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4
Q

Derive explanation and prediction

A

Theory

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5
Q

What do Psychologists do?

A

Research, Practice, Teaching

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6
Q

Conducted without conconcern for immediate application

A

Pure Research

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7
Q

Conducted to find solutions to particular problems

A

Applied Research

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8
Q

Applying psychological knowledge to help individuals

A

Practice

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9
Q

Sharing psychological knowledge in classroom, seminars, and workshops

A

Teaching

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10
Q

FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY (16)

A

Clinical Psychologist
Counselling Psychologist
School Psychologist
Educational Psychologist
Developmental Psychologist
Social Psychologist
Environmental Psychologist
Experimental Psychologist
Forensic Psychologist
Health Psychologist
Sports Psychologist
Industrial Psychologist
Human Factor Psychologist
Organizational Psychologist
Consumer Psychologist

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11
Q

Help people with psychologoical disorders adjust to the demands of life

Evaluate and resolve problems and change self defeating behaviors

A

Clinical Psychologist

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12
Q

Use interviews and test to define client’s problems

Typically handles adjustment problens but not psychological disorders

A

Counselling Psychologist

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13
Q

identify and assist students who have problems thag interfere with learning

help in decision making in student placement

A

School Psychologist

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14
Q

Facilitate learning by focusing on course planning and institutional methods for a school system

A

Educational Psychologist

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15
Q

Study the changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional occurence throughout lifespan

may focu on influences of heredity and environment on development

A

Developmental Psychologist

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16
Q

Identify and measure humab traits and determine influences on human thought, processes, feelings, and behavior

A

Personality Psychologist

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17
Q

Study the ways that people and the enviroment, natural environment, and human made environment, influence one another

A

Environmental Psychologist

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18
Q

Specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation and emotion

A

Experimental Psychologist

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19
Q

Apply Psychology to the crimical justice system

Deal with legal matters such as defendant’s sanity during the commitment of crime

May also treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys, and analyze offender’s behaviors and mental processes

A

Forensic Psychologist

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20
Q

Studied the effects of stress on health problems such as headaches, cardiovascular disease, and cancer

Guide clients towrds healthier behavior patterns

A

Health Psychologist

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21
Q

Help athletes concentrate on their performance and not on the crowd, they use cognitive strategies such as positive visualization to enhance performance and avoid choking under pressure

A

Sports Psychologist

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22
Q

focus on relationship between people and work

A

Industrial Psychologist

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23
Q

Make technical systems such as automobile dashboard and computer keyboards more user friendly

A

Human Factor Psychologist

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24
Q

Study the behavior of people in organizations such as business

A

Organizational Psychologist

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25
Q

Study the behavior of shoppers in an effort tonpredict and influence their behavior

A

Consumer Psychologist

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26
Q

Who said that science could rationally treat only info gathered by senses

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

Declared that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain

A

Aristotle

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28
Q

What did aristotle say about the human behavior

A

“human behaviour, like movements of the stars and the seas, is subject to rules and law”

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29
Q

Who said that we could think of behavior in terms of body and a momind and that behavior is influenced by external simulation

A

Democritus

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30
Q

First to raise question whether there is free will or choice

A

Democritus

31
Q

Who said that people should rely on rational thought and introspection

A

Socrates

32
Q

careful examination of one’s own thoughts and emotions

A

Introspection

33
Q

Who showed how physical events stimulate psychological sensations and perceptions

A

Gustav Fechner

34
Q

What book did Gustav Fechner published?

A

Elements of Psychophysics

35
Q

What’s the theory of Charles Darwin

A

Theory of Natural Selection

36
Q

Who opened the first psychology laboratory and helped develop the field of structuralism

A

Wilhelm Wundt

37
Q

attempted to break conscious experience down into objective sensations and subjective feelings

A

Structuralism

38
Q

This shows how our experiences help us function more adaptively in our environment (adapted Darwin’s theory)

A

Functionalism

39
Q

Adaptive Behavior : ??
Maladaptive Behavior : ??

A

learned and maintained
drop out

40
Q

learning observable (by means of special instruments) behavior

A

Behaviorism

41
Q

Founder of American Behaviorism

A

John Watson

42
Q

they said that organisms learn to behave in certain ways bcs of reinforcements

A

B.F Skinner

43
Q

stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response

A

Reinforcement

44
Q

much of our lives us governed vy unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts

A

Psychoanalysis

45
Q

relationship between the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution

A

Biological Perspective/Evolutionary (?)

46
Q

understanding the mental process to understand human nature

investigate ways we perceive andmentally represent the world

A

Cognitive Perspective

47
Q

emphasizes the role of subjective experience

people have free will

A

Humanistic-Existential Perspective

48
Q

Who sa Hierarchy of Needs

A

Abraham Maslow

49
Q

Hierarchy of Need from baba to taas

A

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Love and Belonging
Self Esteem
Self-actualization

50
Q

focuses less on unconscious process and more in conscious choice and self direction

influenced by Freud’s theory

A

Psychodynamic Perspective

51
Q

environmental influences and learning habits thru repetition and reinforcement

A

Contemporary Cognitivists

52
Q

people’s capacity to modify and create their environment

A

Social Cognitivists

53
Q

studies influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in behavior and mental processes

A

Social Perspective

54
Q

an organized way of using experience and testing ideas to expand and refine knowledge

A

Scientific Method

55
Q

a specific statement about behavior/mental processes that is tested thru research

A

hypothesis

56
Q

complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn

A

population

57
Q

part of population

A

sample

58
Q

each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate

A

Random Sample

59
Q

identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample

A

stratified sample

60
Q

people who offer to participate in research

A

voluntary bias

61
Q

[method in research]
biography thru interviews, questionnaires, and psychological test

A

Case Study

62
Q

scientific investigation where large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes/behavior

A

Survey

63
Q

observe behavior where it happens ir “in the field’

A

Naturalistic Observation

64
Q

investigating relationship between observed behavior or a measured trait

A

Correlation

65
Q

expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between the variable

A

Correlation Coefficient

66
Q

seeks to confirm cause and effect

introducing independent variables and observing their effects kn dependent variables

A

Experiment

67
Q

variable that can be manipulated

A

Independent Variable

68
Q

assumed effect of Independent Variable

A

Dependent Variable

69
Q

groups whose members obtain the treatment

A

experimental group

70
Q

do not obtain treatment, while other conditions are held constant

A

Control Groups

71
Q

bogus treatment that has the appearance of being genuine

A

placebo

72
Q

unaware whether or not one has received a treatment

A

blind

73
Q

neither the subjects nor the observer know who has received the treatment

A

double-blind study

74
Q

participant’s agreement ti participate in the research

A

Informed Consent

Intro to Psychology (1 decks)

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