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IMUNO SERO > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Foreign substances

A

Antigens

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2
Q

Mechanism that fights the foreign substances

A

Immune system

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3
Q

Diagnostic examination of blood serum and other body fluids with regards to the response of the immune system to pathogen

A

Serology

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4
Q

Condition of being resistant to infection

A

Immunity

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5
Q

the phenomenon in which exposure to one infectious agent produces protection against another agent

A

Cross immunity

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6
Q

Infection with an influenza subtype A strain may provide cross protection against other antigenically similar circulating strains

A

Cross immunity

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7
Q

Substance that stimulates antibody formation and has the ability to bind to an antibody
• Does not have the ability to induce immune response

A

Antigens

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8
Q

Any substance capable of inducing an immune response

A

Immunogen

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9
Q

way of the body to defend itself from substances that are harmful or foreign

A

Immune response

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10
Q

Can bind to antibodies

A

Immunogen

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11
Q

does not have the capability of inducing an immune response

A

Antigen

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12
Q

A substance specifically binds to antibodies or a cell surface receptors of B cells and T cells

A

Antigen

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13
Q

Can be either immunogenic or
non immunogenic

A

Antigen

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14
Q

Can be either protein, polysaccharides, lipids
or nucleic acids

A

Antigen

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15
Q

An antigen
capable of inducing an immune response

A

Immunogen

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16
Q

Normally proteins and large polysaccharides

A

Immunojgen

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17
Q

are large polysaccharides are considered the most powerful immunogens

A

Protein

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18
Q

are considered weak immunogens

A

Lipids and nucleic acids

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19
Q

is the term used in demonstrating reaction (serology

A

Serology

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20
Q

A low molecular weight, nonantigenic substance that, when combined with an antigen, changes the antigenic specificity of that antigen

A

Hapten

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21
Q

An incomplete antigen; Needs a carrier molecule
o When exposed to a carrier molecule, it becomes a complete antigen

A

Hapten

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22
Q

An incomplete antigen; Needs a carrier molecule
o When exposed to a carrier molecule, it becomes a complete antigen

A

Hapten

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23
Q

A glycoprotein substance (immunoglobin) that is produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen

A

Antibody

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24
Q

fragment constant; fragment crystallizable
• Similar with all types of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, IgD)

A

Fragment constant; FC portion

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25
Q

where types of immunoglobulins differ from one another

A

Variable region

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26
Q

Alpha

A

IgA

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27
Q

Gamma

A

IgG

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28
Q

Mu

A

IgM

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29
Q

Epsilon

A

IgE

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30
Q

IgD

A

Delta

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31
Q

Derived from a single B-cell clone and are produced as a single class of immunoglobulin with specificity unique to the antigenic stimulus

A

Monoclonal antibodies (reagent antibodies)

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32
Q

the most common Ig used for creating reagent antibody.

A

IgG

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33
Q

is a small molecule unlike IgM that does not need a supplement reagent antibody for demonstration

A

IgG

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34
Q

is a big Ig with 10 binding sites

A

IgM

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35
Q

Produced as different classes of immunoglobulins by many B-cell clones in response to an antigen

A

Polyclonal Antibodies

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36
Q

In producing monoclonal antibodies, a ___ is used.

A

Mice

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37
Q

In producing polyclonal antibodies, _____ are used.

A

Rabbits

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38
Q

Antibodies produced in response to antigens from another species

A

HETEROANTIBODIES OR XENOANTIBODIES

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39
Q

formed in response to antigens from individuals of the same species
• Human to human

A

ALLOANTIBODIES

40
Q

produced by the body’s immune system against “self” antigens
• Concept of autoimmune diseases

A

Autoantibodies

41
Q

part of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody or T-cell receptor

A

Epitope

42
Q

Antigen and antibody reaction will not bind/react if they are not specific with one another

A

Epitope

43
Q

the clumping of particulate antigens by antibodies specific for the antigens.

A

Agglutination

44
Q

is the tendency that an epitope has for combining with the antigen-binding site on an antibody molecule.

A

Affinity

45
Q

Strength of a single antibody-antigen interaction

A

Affinity

46
Q

strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody.

A

Avidity

47
Q

Strength of all interactions combined

A

Avidity

48
Q

smallest amount of antigen or antibody that can be detected.

A

Sensitivity

49
Q

is a highly sensitive and specific test used in laboratories

A

Radioimmunoassay

50
Q

ability of an antibody to bind to an antigen with complementary determinants and not to a antigen with dissimilar determinants.

A

Specificity

51
Q

glycoprotein substances secreted by
antigen-stimulated B cells

A

Immunoglobulins

52
Q

It is the predominant immunoglobulin in secretions such as tears, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and respiratory tract, genital, and intestinal secretions

A

IgA

53
Q

exists as a monomer, and its function is unknown.

A

IgD

54
Q

binds to crystallizable fragment (Fc) receptors on mast cells and basophils and is elevated during parasitic infections and Type I allergic reactions

A

IgE

55
Q

is the predominant immunoglobulin in the adult. s. It is also the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placental barrier, thus transferring immunity from mother to infant.

A

IgG

56
Q

is the largest of the immunoglobulins, existing as a pentamer.

A

IgM

57
Q

It is the first immunoglobulin to be produced after exposure to an antigen

A

IgM

58
Q

group of proteins synthesized in mononuclear phagocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and some endothelial cells.

A

Complement

59
Q

a small peptide formed during complement activation that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

A

Anaphylatoxins

60
Q

a life-threatening response to an allergen characterized by the systematic release of histamine

A

Anaphylaxis

61
Q

The Latin term _____, meaning “exempt,” is the source of the English word immunity, meaning the state of protection from infectious disease.

A

Immunis

62
Q

He recorded that individual who had previously contracted the disease recovered and he recognized their “immune” status.

A

Thucydides

63
Q

He mentioned that the great plaque that swept through Athens and how those who survived it, including himself, could tend to the sick without worrying about catching it again.

A

Thucydides

64
Q

First writings of immune status

A

430 BC; thucydides

65
Q

Date where Chinese developed a practice of inhaling powder made from smallpox scabs in order to produce protection against this dreaded disease.

A

1500s

66
Q

a practice of inhaling powder made from smallpox scabs in order to produce protection against this dreaded disease.

A

Variolation

67
Q

What country does have a pure culture of smallpox

A

Russia

68
Q

practice of deliberately exposing an individual to material from smallpox lesions.

A

Variolation

69
Q

He is generally considered to be the Father of Immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

70
Q

He discovered a remarkable relationship between exposure to cowpox and immunity to smallpox.

A

Edward Jenner

71
Q

phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent.

A

Cross immunity

72
Q

procedure of injecting cellular material.

A

Vaccination

73
Q

She is a milk maid infected with cowpox

A

Sarah Nelmes

74
Q

He is inoculated with cowpox pus from Nelmes

A

James Phipps

75
Q

a key figure in the development of both microbiology and immunology, accidentally found that old cultures would not cause disease (cholera) in chickens. Subsequent injections of more virulent organisms had no effect on the birds that had been previously exposed to the older cultures.

A

Louis Pasteur

76
Q

He made an experiment, wherein he collected the spinal cords of the patients that died because of rabies. He dried the spinal cords and injected it to his patients. After 12 injections, the patients were protected against rabies.

A

Louis pasteur

77
Q

In this manner, the first attenuated vaccine was discovered. Used for rabies vaccine

A

Louis Pasteur;1885

78
Q

to make a pathogen less virulent through heat, aging or chemical means.

A

Attenuation

79
Q

Concepts of some pathogens; enough to cause an immune response but not enough to cause an infection

A

Attenuation

80
Q

Made the anthrax vaccine

A

Louis pasteur

81
Q

Identified anthrax

A

Robert koch

82
Q

are conditions that must be satisfied before accepting that a particular bacteria can cause a particular disease

A

Koch’s Postulate

83
Q

proposed the antibody formation theory and developed a series of tissue staining dyes including …purple bacillus

A

Paul Erlich

84
Q

He used a demonstration of antibody activity against diphtheria toxin

A

Emil Von Behring

85
Q

He proposed the cellular theory of immunity, cell-eating and phagocytosis

A

Ellie metchnikoff

86
Q

Inactivated Polio Vaccine (Intramascular)

A

Jonas Salk

87
Q

Oral Polio Vaccine

A

Albert Sabin

88
Q

He made the vaccine against yellow fever

A

Reed; Max theiler

89
Q

He made antihistamines

A

Daniel Bovet

90
Q

Gene rearrangement in antibody procution

A

Susumu tonegawa

91
Q

Development of human papillomavirus

A

Ian Frazer

92
Q

Demonstration of cutaneous hypersensitivity

A

Robert koch

93
Q

He discovered phagocytosis

A

Ernst Haeckel

94
Q

Human theory of immunity proposed

A

Von behring, Kitasata

95
Q

Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

A

Arthus

96
Q

They discovered the chemical structure of antibodies

A

Rodney R. Porter and Gerald M Edelman

IMUNO SERO (1 decks)

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