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CYTOGENETICS > lesson 1 > Flashcards

lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Application of genetics

A

*Plant and animal improvement
*Medicine
*Genetic engineering
*Legal application / forensic
*Genetic counseling

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2
Q

Statistical analysis

A

*Chi square
*Standard deviation
*Mean

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3
Q

Commonly used for testing relationships
between categorical variables

A

Chi square

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4
Q

tells how far a set of numbers lie apart

A

Standard Deviation

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5
Q

Average that is used to derive the central tendency of the data in question

A

Mean

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6
Q

Factors that increase the odds of having twins

A

*Advancing age of mothers
*Number of previous pregnancies
*Hereditary
*Race
*Assisted reproductive techniques

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7
Q

Developed from 2 different egg cells fertilized by 2 different sperm cells producing two genetically unique children

A

Fraternal or Dizygotic twins

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8
Q

developed from one (ovum) that producing two babies with exactly the same genetic information

A

Identical or Monozygotic twins

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9
Q

Types of twins

A

*Identical or Monozygotic twins
*Fraternal or Dizygotic twins

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10
Q

Methods of genetics

A

*Pedigree analysis
*Karyotyping
*Planned experimental breeding
*Twin studies

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11
Q

Types of hypotheses

A

null and alternative

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12
Q

used to detect chromosomal abnormality

A

karyotyping

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13
Q

makes use of symbols as representation of the members of the family

A

Pedigree analysis

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14
Q

branches of genetics

A

A. Cytogenesis
B. Molecular genesis
C. Behavioral genetics
D. Population genetics
E. Classical genetics

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15
Q

solved the structure of DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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16
Q

also contributed to the discovery of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins

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17
Q

Award that James Watson received

A

1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material

18
Q

What and when did James Watson and Francis Crick discovered something

A

structure of DNA in the X- ray crystallography “photo 51” of Rosalind Franklin and indicated that DNA had a helical structure (cork-screw)

19
Q

James Watson was born on

A

April 6, 1928, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

20
Q

Rosalind Franklin was born on

A

July 15, 1920 London, England

21
Q

Rosalind Franklin died on

A

April 16, 1958 London, England

22
Q

best known for her contribution to the discovery of the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Rosalind Franklin

23
Q

Discovered a mutation that affected fly eye color & observed that the mutation was inherited differently by male and female flies.

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

24
Q

Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for his discoveries on the role of chromosomes on heredity

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

25
Q

*Established the chromosomal theory of inheritance

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

26
Q

*He used fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) eye color mutations to demonstrate sex-linked inheritance patterns

A

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

27
Q

THOMAS HUNT MORGAN

A

1866-1945

28
Q

3 European botanists who rediscovered Mendel’s laws in 1900

A

HUGO DE VRIES (1848–1935), CARL CORRENS (1864–1933), and ERICH VON TSCHERMAK-SEYSENEGG (1871–1962)

29
Q

When and where did William Bateson popularized “genetics”

A

1906, 3rd international conference of plant hybridization in London, England

30
Q

William Bateson is born on

A

August 8,1861 in Whitby, Yorkshire, England

31
Q

William Bateson died on

A

February 8,1926, London, England

32
Q

British biologist, who applied Gregor Mendel’s work to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

William Bateson

33
Q

When did William Bateson coined the term “genetics”

A

1905

34
Q

In this book, Darwin argues that evolution takes place through a process called natural selection.

A

On the Origin of Species

35
Q

process by which organisms better suited for adaption to their environment survive, while those that are poorly suited to their environment do not.

A

Natural Selection

36
Q

Charles Darwin is born on

A

Feb.12, 1809, Shrewbury, Shropshire, England

37
Q

Charles Darwin died on

A

April 19, 1882, Downe, Kent

38
Q

Established that all species of life have descended over time from a common ancestry

A

Charles Darwin

39
Q

When was On the Origin of Species published

A

1859

40
Q

Gregor Mendel was born on

A

July 22,1822 in Heinzendorf Bei Odrau, Austrian Empire

41
Q

Gregor Mendel died on

A

January 6,1884 in Brno (Brünn), Austria-Hungary

42
Q

His experiment on pea plants (Pisum sativum) conducted between 1856-1863 established many rules of the heredity, now known as Mendelian Laws of Inheritance

A

Gregor Mendel

CYTOGENETICS (1 decks)

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