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Understanding the Self > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Known as one of the philosopher of so called “big three”
  • He wanted to discover the essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty and goodness
  • His thoughts were delivered through Plato’s writing (The Dialogoues)
A

Socrates

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2
Q
  • His real name is Aristocles
  • Established a school known as The Academy
  • Author of the “The Dialogues”
A

Plato
Aristocles

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3
Q

The 3 components that Plato established

A
  • The Reason
  • The Spirited
  • The Appetites
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4
Q

is rational that motivates human for goodness and truth

A

The Reason

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5
Q

is non-rational that gives will or drive towards the action. It can be neutral but can also be influenced by the two parts. (love,anger,ambition)

A

The Spirited

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6
Q

are irrational and lean towards desire for pleasure directions. (hunger,thirst)

A

The Appetites

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7
Q
  • He suggests that anything with his life has a soul
  • The soul is the essence if all living things
  • Humans differ- rational thinking
A

ARISTOTLE

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8
Q

3 kinds of soul according to Aristotle

A
  • Vegetative soul
  • Sentient soul
  • Rational soul
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9
Q

physical body that can grow

A

Vegetative soul

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10
Q

sensual desires, feelings, emotions

A

Sentient soul

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11
Q

what makes men humans

A

Rational soul

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12
Q

The rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling-life

A

Self-actualization

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13
Q
  • He became a bishop of Hippo
  • He was convinced that Platonism and Christianity were natural partners
  • He adopted Plato’s vision about the metaphysical view of set and reality by interpreting the Christianity
A

ST. Augustine of Hippo

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14
Q

Who said “God as the source of all reality and truth”

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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15
Q

_____ mentioned that the cause of sin or evil is an act of man’s free will. Moral goodness can only be achieved through the grace of God.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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16
Q

Who said

> Love of physical object leads to the sin of greed.
Love for others in an excessive manner leads to the sin of jealousy.
Love for the self leads to the sin of pride.

“In short too much love will kill you”.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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17
Q

He believed that all things are worthy of love but they must be loved properly.

A

St. Augustine of Hippo

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18
Q

> He is a Christian and theologian, who synthesize philosophy and religion.
He also left an indelible mark in viewing the self.
He believed in Aristotle’s view of the self and reality through discussing the basic categories of things: matter and form.

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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19
Q

He believes that life begins with the union of matter and form that gradually rises to define the self.

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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20
Q

a philosophical view of Aristotle about “being” as a compound of matter and form.

A

Hylomorphism

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21
Q

He would said that soul (form) wont no longer function if the body (material) stops to function.

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

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22
Q

> Founder of Modern Philosophy
He introduced the Cartesian method.
Body (extenza) and mind (cogito)

A

Rene Descartes

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23
Q

> He is convinced that to view human existence, the focused should be on the reasoning process and its relation to self.
The thinking abilities such as to investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop our own conclusion.
He also discovered that human mind has two powers:

A

Rene Descartes

24
Q

Two powers of the Human Mind

A

Intuition
Deduction

25
Q

to apprehend direction of certain truths

A

Intuition

26
Q

or to discover the truth through a systematic process

A

Deduction

27
Q

Cogito ergo sum “I think, therefore I am” as the first principle of his theory

A

Rene Descartes

28
Q

“Control your body if you want your mind to work properly.”

A

Rene Descartes

29
Q

> British philosopher and a physician.
An advocate of Empiricist view of knowledge
He created the “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” to explain that the mind is a tabula rasa

A

John Locke

30
Q

In his essay entitled “On Personal Identity” a part of gives an analysis how can we experience ourselves in everyday lives.

A

John Locke`

31
Q

Da who??

> the essence of self is conscious awareness (through senses) of itself as a thinking, reasoning, and reflecting identity.
As he further note that “nothing exist in the mind that was not first in the senses”

A

John Locke

32
Q

three laws according to Locke:

A

> Law of Opinion
Civil Law
Divine Law

33
Q

where actions that are praiseworthy are virtues and those that are not are called vice

A

Law of Opinion

34
Q

where right actions are reinforced by people in authority

A

Civil Law

35
Q

where actions of man are set by God

A

Divine Law

36
Q

According to him : There is no Self

A

David Hume

37
Q

He stated that if a man would examine his sense of experience through a process of introspection or self-observation, he might discover that there is no self.

A

David Hume

38
Q

He analyzed that the mind receives materials from the senses and calls it perception. Mind as a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas.

A

David Hume

39
Q

The contents of our perception can be distinguish into: (2)

A

Impression
Ideas

40
Q

the basic sensation of our experience which is more lively and vivid than the ideas

A

Impression

41
Q

are the recollection of these impressions

A

Ideas

42
Q

Who stated that “self is just an imaginary creature that consist of a bundle of different perception derived from succession of impermanent states and events”

A

David Hume

43
Q

According to him : We construct the Self

A

Immanuel Kant

44
Q

> He is considered the greatest thinker of eighteenth century.
He synthesized the two competing schools; the rationalism and the empiricism.
He explained that both experience and reason plays an important role in constructing our self and knowledge of the world.

A

Immanuel Kant

45
Q

> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis

A

Sigmund Freud

46
Q

> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis

A

Sigmund Freud

47
Q

He created The Multilayered Self

A

Sigmund Freud

48
Q

He uses an iceberg to illustrate how the mind works

A

Sigmund Freud

49
Q

– the structure pleasure principle that demands immediate satisfaction

A

Id

50
Q

– the structure based on reality principle that mediates between impulses of the id and the restraints of the super ego

A

Ego

51
Q

the structure based on moral principle that shows morality of actions based on childhood experiences from their parents or family

A

Superego

52
Q

the life instinct

A

Eros <3

53
Q

death instinct <3

A

Thanatos

54
Q

The energy of eros is called ___

A

Libido

54
Q

The energy of eros is called ___

A

Libido

55
Q

He would probably told you that a man is a product of his past lodged within his subconscious. “WE ARE THE PRISONERS OF OUR PAST”

A

Sigmund Freud

Understanding the Self (3 decks)

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