Lesson 1 Flashcards
- Known as one of the philosopher of so called “big three”
- He wanted to discover the essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty and goodness
- His thoughts were delivered through Plato’s writing (The Dialogoues)
Socrates
- His real name is Aristocles
- Established a school known as The Academy
- Author of the “The Dialogues”
Plato
Aristocles
The 3 components that Plato established
- The Reason
- The Spirited
- The Appetites
is rational that motivates human for goodness and truth
The Reason
is non-rational that gives will or drive towards the action. It can be neutral but can also be influenced by the two parts. (love,anger,ambition)
The Spirited
are irrational and lean towards desire for pleasure directions. (hunger,thirst)
The Appetites
- He suggests that anything with his life has a soul
- The soul is the essence if all living things
- Humans differ- rational thinking
ARISTOTLE
3 kinds of soul according to Aristotle
- Vegetative soul
- Sentient soul
- Rational soul
physical body that can grow
Vegetative soul
sensual desires, feelings, emotions
Sentient soul
what makes men humans
Rational soul
The rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling-life
Self-actualization
- He became a bishop of Hippo
- He was convinced that Platonism and Christianity were natural partners
- He adopted Plato’s vision about the metaphysical view of set and reality by interpreting the Christianity
ST. Augustine of Hippo
Who said “God as the source of all reality and truth”
St. Augustine of Hippo
_____ mentioned that the cause of sin or evil is an act of man’s free will. Moral goodness can only be achieved through the grace of God.
St. Augustine of Hippo
Who said
> Love of physical object leads to the sin of greed.
Love for others in an excessive manner leads to the sin of jealousy.
Love for the self leads to the sin of pride.
“In short too much love will kill you”.
St. Augustine of Hippo
He believed that all things are worthy of love but they must be loved properly.
St. Augustine of Hippo
> He is a Christian and theologian, who synthesize philosophy and religion.
He also left an indelible mark in viewing the self.
He believed in Aristotle’s view of the self and reality through discussing the basic categories of things: matter and form.
St. Thomas Aquinas
He believes that life begins with the union of matter and form that gradually rises to define the self.
St. Thomas Aquinas
a philosophical view of Aristotle about “being” as a compound of matter and form.
Hylomorphism
He would said that soul (form) wont no longer function if the body (material) stops to function.
St. Thomas Aquinas
> Founder of Modern Philosophy
He introduced the Cartesian method.
Body (extenza) and mind (cogito)
Rene Descartes
> He is convinced that to view human existence, the focused should be on the reasoning process and its relation to self.
The thinking abilities such as to investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop our own conclusion.
He also discovered that human mind has two powers:
Rene Descartes
Two powers of the Human Mind
Intuition
Deduction
to apprehend direction of certain truths
Intuition
or to discover the truth through a systematic process
Deduction
Cogito ergo sum “I think, therefore I am” as the first principle of his theory
Rene Descartes
“Control your body if you want your mind to work properly.”
Rene Descartes
> British philosopher and a physician.
An advocate of Empiricist view of knowledge
He created the “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” to explain that the mind is a tabula rasa
John Locke
In his essay entitled “On Personal Identity” a part of gives an analysis how can we experience ourselves in everyday lives.
John Locke`
Da who??
> the essence of self is conscious awareness (through senses) of itself as a thinking, reasoning, and reflecting identity.
As he further note that “nothing exist in the mind that was not first in the senses”
John Locke
three laws according to Locke:
> Law of Opinion
Civil Law
Divine Law
where actions that are praiseworthy are virtues and those that are not are called vice
Law of Opinion
where right actions are reinforced by people in authority
Civil Law
where actions of man are set by God
Divine Law
According to him : There is no Self
David Hume
He stated that if a man would examine his sense of experience through a process of introspection or self-observation, he might discover that there is no self.
David Hume
He analyzed that the mind receives materials from the senses and calls it perception. Mind as a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas.
David Hume
The contents of our perception can be distinguish into: (2)
Impression
Ideas
the basic sensation of our experience which is more lively and vivid than the ideas
Impression
are the recollection of these impressions
Ideas
Who stated that “self is just an imaginary creature that consist of a bundle of different perception derived from succession of impermanent states and events”
David Hume
According to him : We construct the Self
Immanuel Kant
> He is considered the greatest thinker of eighteenth century.
He synthesized the two competing schools; the rationalism and the empiricism.
He explained that both experience and reason plays an important role in constructing our self and knowledge of the world.
Immanuel Kant
> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis
Sigmund Freud
> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis
Sigmund Freud
He created The Multilayered Self
Sigmund Freud
He uses an iceberg to illustrate how the mind works
Sigmund Freud
– the structure pleasure principle that demands immediate satisfaction
Id
– the structure based on reality principle that mediates between impulses of the id and the restraints of the super ego
Ego
the structure based on moral principle that shows morality of actions based on childhood experiences from their parents or family
Superego
the life instinct
Eros <3
death instinct <3
Thanatos
The energy of eros is called ___
Libido
The energy of eros is called ___
Libido
He would probably told you that a man is a product of his past lodged within his subconscious. “WE ARE THE PRISONERS OF OUR PAST”
Sigmund Freud
