Lesson 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Vasovagal syncope

A

Brief LOC due to a neurologically induced drop in blood pressure and/or a decrease in heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease.

kidneys are damaged —>
cannot filter blood →
excess fluid remain in body (fluid overflow) → may cause heart disease/ stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organic brain syndrome

A

Cause:
injury or disease affecting brain tissues as well as by chemical or hormonal abnormalities. Concussions, blood clots, or bleeding in or around the brain from trauma
Consequences:
disturbances in cognitive functions (memory, thinking, perception, and attention), The expression of emotions is altered, and alertness and vigilance are disturbed. Confusion, Agitation, Irritability
A change in behavior, impaired brain function, cognitive ability, or memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

OGD

A

Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD)

  • examination of the inside of the upper digestive tract by using a flexible video-endoscope which is passed through the mouth into the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Caution:
Before 6 hours —> no food/drink
After 1 hour —> can oral intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PEARL

A

Pupils are equal, round, reactive to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant (abdomen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ITP

A

Immune thrombocytopenia:

  • your blood does not clot as it should, because you have a low platelet count
  • When you have a low platelet count, you may have trouble stopping bleeding.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TD

A

Tardive Dyskinesia

  • long-term use of neuroleptic drugs as well as other drugs that increase the brain’s sensitivity to the neurotransmitter dopamine

Manifestation:
Tongue pursing
Chewing or sucking movements
Grimacing (making faces)
Lip-smacking
Puckering or pursing the lips
Rapid eye blinking
Tongue protrusion
Worm-like tongue movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CSVD

A

Cerebral small vessel disease:
Cause:
small vessels (under large vessels) obstructed
Short term: won’t have much manifestation
Long term: executive function deteriorates, memory problem, apathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Palliative care

A

Opposite to curative care
For:
People with serious illnesses
Provide relief from the symptoms
Compensation strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB when lying flat
Cause: increase fluid/pressure in blood vessels in lung

Indication of HF

VS dyspnea
difficulty breathing during non-strenuous activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Postural hypotension

A

when your blood pressure drops when you go from lying down to sitting up, or from sitting to standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TOF

A

Trochanteric of femur:
congenital heart defect
pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle;
a ventricular septal defect, which is a hole allowing blood to flow between the two ventricles;
right ventricular hypertrophy, which is thickening of the right ventricular muscle; and
an overriding aorta, which is where the aorta expands to allow blood from both ventricles to enter.

Consequences:
low oxygenated blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

GAD

A

General Anxiety Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NPOEM

A

Nil by mouth except medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Temp.

A

In the time of

17
Q

CTCA

A

CT Coronary Angiography

18
Q

ACS

A

Acute coronary syndrome:
Cause:
Build up of fatty deposit(plaque) in coronary arteries—> broke off and split —> form blood clot —> block blood flow —> heart muscle die —> angina (chest pain)

19
Q

Status asthmaticus

A

= acute severe asthma
Does not respond to traditional tx (e.g. medication in inhaler)
- unresponsive to repeated courses of beta-agonist therapy such as inhaled albuterol, levalbuterol, or subcutaneous epinephrine

Cause:
UTI → increase mucus in lung → hard to breathe
Allergy

Manifestations:
SOB
Wheezing
Decreased alertness

20
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Mental disorder— interpret reality abnormally

Common symptoms:
Delusion: False belief (eg someone is trying to hurt you)
Hallucinations: Hear and see things that don’t exist
Disorganised thinking (speech)

21
Q

ESKD/ESRD

A

End stage kidney disease/ end stage renal disease:

  • Kidney no longer functional

Symptoms:
- fatigue
- weight loss
- loss of appetite

22
Q

HSDNM

A

Heart sound dual no murmur→ absence of any abnormal sounds during an examination of the heart using a stethoscope

23
Q

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome

A

immune system mistakenly creates antibodies that attack tissues in the body. These antibodies can cause blood clots to form in arteries and veins

Possible symptoms:
Stroke
TIA
DVT (Deep vein thrombosis) → usually in leg

24
Q

Warfarin

A

Prevent blood clots → may take longer time to heal from wounds

25
Q

Water intake

A

3,000 ml for men and of 2,200 ml for women

2L for child

26
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

CAPD (peritonitis)
contamination of the dialysis tubing or extension of catheter exit site or tunnel infections

Peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis

Cleansing fluid flow into your abdomen —> abdomen lining filter and removes waste products from blood —> flow out from abdomen

Blood is removed from body —>filtered blood return to body

27
Q

Status epilepticus

A

seizure with 5 minutes or more of continuous clinical and/or electrographic seizure activity or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures.

28
Q

Wallenberg syndrome

A

a neurological condition caused by a stroke in the brain stem, specifically in one of the arteries that provides blood to the cerebellum

29
Q

Sepsis

A

因為細菌/病毒入侵身體,免疫系統產生過度反應,導致多重器官功能失調,例如肺積水、肝腎功能下降、凝血功能失調等,患者有機會要進入深切治療部留醫。 敗血症死亡率高達40%,輕微的敗血症死亡率也有10%

septic shock → dramatic drop in blood pressure

30
Q

MLS

A

Brain midline shift:
- a shift of the brain past its center line
- associated with a distortion of the brain stem
- associated with high intracranial pressure (ICP)

31
Q

PE

A

Pulmonary embolism:

block of blood vessel in lung → blood clot break and travel to lung

32
Q

TOF

A

Tetralogy of Fallot:
combination of four heart defects that are present at birth (congenital)

  • ventricular septal defect (VSD),
  • pulmonary stenosis,
  • a misplaced aorta
  • a thickened right ventricular wall (right ventricular hypertrophy)

Manifestation:
- affect the structure of the heart
- cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and to the rest of the body
- A bluish coloration of the skin caused by low blood oxygen levels (cyanosis)

33
Q

LUTS

A

Lower urinary tract symptoms:

Caused by: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) → prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous

34
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones

Manifestation:
tiredness, weight gain and feeling depressed

Cause:
immune system attacking the thyroid gland and damaging it