Lesson 1 Flashcards
Vasovagal syncope
Brief LOC due to a neurologically induced drop in blood pressure and/or a decrease in heart rate.
CKD
Chronic kidney disease.
kidneys are damaged —>
cannot filter blood →
excess fluid remain in body (fluid overflow) → may cause heart disease/ stroke
Organic brain syndrome
Cause:
injury or disease affecting brain tissues as well as by chemical or hormonal abnormalities. Concussions, blood clots, or bleeding in or around the brain from trauma
Consequences:
disturbances in cognitive functions (memory, thinking, perception, and attention), The expression of emotions is altered, and alertness and vigilance are disturbed. Confusion, Agitation, Irritability
A change in behavior, impaired brain function, cognitive ability, or memory
OGD
Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD)
- examination of the inside of the upper digestive tract by using a flexible video-endoscope which is passed through the mouth into the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.
Caution:
Before 6 hours —> no food/drink
After 1 hour —> can oral intake
PEARL
Pupils are equal, round, reactive to light
LLQ
Left lower quadrant (abdomen)
ITP
Immune thrombocytopenia:
- your blood does not clot as it should, because you have a low platelet count
- When you have a low platelet count, you may have trouble stopping bleeding.
TD
Tardive Dyskinesia
- long-term use of neuroleptic drugs as well as other drugs that increase the brain’s sensitivity to the neurotransmitter dopamine
Manifestation:
Tongue pursing
Chewing or sucking movements
Grimacing (making faces)
Lip-smacking
Puckering or pursing the lips
Rapid eye blinking
Tongue protrusion
Worm-like tongue movements
CSVD
Cerebral small vessel disease:
Cause:
small vessels (under large vessels) obstructed
Short term: won’t have much manifestation
Long term: executive function deteriorates, memory problem, apathy
Palliative care
Opposite to curative care
For:
People with serious illnesses
Provide relief from the symptoms
Compensation strategies
Orthopnea
SOB when lying flat
Cause: increase fluid/pressure in blood vessels in lung
Indication of HF
VS dyspnea
difficulty breathing during non-strenuous activities
Postural hypotension
when your blood pressure drops when you go from lying down to sitting up, or from sitting to standing
TOF
Trochanteric of femur:
congenital heart defect
pulmonary stenosis, which is narrowing of the exit from the right ventricle;
a ventricular septal defect, which is a hole allowing blood to flow between the two ventricles;
right ventricular hypertrophy, which is thickening of the right ventricular muscle; and
an overriding aorta, which is where the aorta expands to allow blood from both ventricles to enter.
Consequences:
low oxygenated blood
GAD
General Anxiety Disorder
NPOEM
Nil by mouth except medication