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Human Physiology > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat.

A

Muscular System

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2
Q

Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes Vitamin D; location of sensory receptors(pain, pressure,etc.) and sweat and oil glands

A

Integumentary System

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4
Q

Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

A

Nervous System

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4
Q

Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

A

Nervous System

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5
Q

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

A

Endocrine System

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6
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood

A

Cardiovascular System

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6
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood

A

Cardiovascular System

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7
Q

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

A

Lymphatic System

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8
Q

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

A

Respiratory System

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9
Q

Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

A

Urinary System

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10
Q

Produced sperm and male hormones

A

Testes

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11
Q

Produced eggs and female hormones

A

Ovaries

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12
Q

Female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn

A

Mammary Glands

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13
Q

Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces

A

Digestive System

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14
Q

Chemicals used for energy and cell building include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

A

Nutrients

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15
Q

Required for chemical reactions made available by the cooperation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

Required for chemical reactions made available by the cooperation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

60 to 80 percent of body weight
Most abundant chemical in the human body provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions

A

Water

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17
Q

37C (98.6F)
Below this temperature, chemical reactions slow and stop
Above this temperature, chemical reactions proceed too rapidly

A

Normal body temperature

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18
Q

Must be appropriate for gas exchange

A

Atmospheric pressure

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19
Q

Takes in nutrients, digest them (part of metabolism), and excretes unabsorbed matter (feces)

A

Digestive system

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20
Q

Takes in oxygen, which is required for metabolism, and excretes carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

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21
Q

Excretes nitrogen containing wastes and excess ions

A

Urinary System

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22
Q

Protects the body as a whole from the external environment by maintaining boundaries.

A

Integumentary system

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23
Q

Houses the spinal cord

A

Spinal cavity

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24
Q

Houses the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

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24
Q

Protected by the vertebrae

A

Spinal Cavity

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25
Q

Protected by the skull

A

Cranial cavity

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26
Q

Fundamental units of matter

A

Elements

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27
Q

How many percent of the body is made from four Elements

A

96%

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28
Q

What is the four elements

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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29
Q

Most common; 65% of the body’s mass

A

Oxygen

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30
Q

Characteristics of living organisms
Sum of total of all chemical reactions to maintain health and life

A

Metablosim

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31
Q

Larger molecules forming from smaller molecules or atoms

A

Anabolic

32
Q

Bonds of larger molecules break, releasing smaller molecules or atoms

A

Catabolic

33
Q

Require sufficient energy to cause matter to collide with enough precision and force to break old chemical bonds and forms new ones

A

Chemical Reactions

34
Q

Energy that powers any type of motion, e.g. building a brick wall

A

Kinetic energy

35
Q

Stored energy, energy of position or the energy matter possesses

A

Potential energy

36
Q

Form of potential energy in which energy is stored in chemical bonds. When bonds are formed, chemical energy is released, e.g. eating an energy bar.

A

Chemical Energy

37
Q

Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb. e.g. catabolism of food in the energy bar.

A

Exergonic

38
Q

Chemical reactions that release more energy that absorb more energy than release.

A

Endergonic

39
Q

Uses energy of sunlight to create sugars

A

Photosynthesis

40
Q

Energy from food is stored in fat molecules

A

Fatty acid anabolism

41
Q

Do not use ATP the same way most endergonic reactions do.

A

DNA/RNA Synthesis

42
Q

DNA has four basis

A

A
C
T
G

43
Q

“A” Base pair stands for

A

Adesonine

44
Q

A more typical example of how living things move energy, and add it to reactions to allow new chemical bonds to form.

A

Protein Synthesis

45
Q

During protein synthesis, a variety of ——– work together

A

Enzymes
Ribosomes

46
Q

About _______ must be consumed to add a single amino acid to a growing protein.

A

5 ATP

47
Q

For every glucose molecule that is metabolized, about ______ could be added to a protein.

A

6 amino acids

48
Q

Uses both ATP and another energy-carrying molecule- NADPH- to supply energy to create fatty acids.

A

Fatty Acids Synthesis

48
Q

Uses both ATP and another energy-carrying molecule- NADPH- to supply energy to create fatty acids.

A

Fatty Acids Synthesis

49
Q

Stored in physical systems such as machines, engines, or the human body, directly powers the movement of matter. (e.g. lifting a brick in place)

A

Mechanical Energy

50
Q

Energy emitted and transmitted as waves rather than matter.

A

Radiant Energy

51
Q

The full spectrum of radiant energy is referred to as the _______

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

52
Q

Radio waves and microwaves are _____

A

Long

53
Q

Gamma waves emitted from decaying atomic nuclei are _____

A

Short

54
Q

The range in the spectrum is called

A

Visible light

55
Q

Supplied by electrolytes in cells and body fluids, contributes to the voltage changes that help transmit in nerve and muscle cells

A

Electrical Energy

56
Q

Does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. Many _______ Do contain hydrogen atoms, such as water and the HCI provide by your stomach.

A

Inorganic Compound

57
Q

Then is a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen. Also it is synthesizes via covalent bond within living organisms, including human body.

A

Organic Compound

58
Q

3 groups of inorganic compounds

A

Water, Salts, Acids & Bases

59
Q

Comprises 70% of an adults body weight, contained within the cells and between the cells that make up tissues and organs.

A

Water

60
Q

Are formed when ions form ionic bond. Also is a substance that, when dissolved in water, dissociates into ions other than H+ or OH-

A

Salt

61
Q

Like salts dissociates in water into electrolytes. Also it can very much change the properties of the solution in which they are dissolved

A

Acids and Bases

62
Q

Is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.

A

Acids

63
Q

Is a substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution, or on that accepts H+ already present in solution

A

Bases

64
Q

pH below 7 is ____
pH above 7 is ____

A

Acidic
Alkaline

65
Q

Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Include sugars and starches
Classified according to size and solubility in water

A

Carbohydrates

66
Q

Simple sugars and the structural units of the carbohydrate group

Single chain or single ring structure

Contain three to seven carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharides

67
Q

Two simple sugars joined by dehydrations synthesis

A

Dissacharides

68
Q

Long-branching chains of linked simple sugars

A

Polysaccharides

69
Q

Most abundant are the trigylcerides, phospholipids, and steroids.

Carbon and hydrogen outnumbered oxygen

A

Lipids

70
Q

Found in fat deposits
Sourced of stored energy
Composed of two types of building blocks —fatty acids and one glycerol molecule saturated fatty acids, Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Triglycerides or neutral fats

71
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

71
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

71
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

71
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

71
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

72
Q

Contain only single covalent bonds
Chains are straight
Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together

A

Saturated fats

73
Q

Contain one or more double covalent bonds, causing chains to kink

Exist as liquid oils at room temperature

Heart Healthy

A

Unsaturated fats

74
Q

e.g. Cakes, cookies, pies, shortening, microwave popcorn, frozen pizza, refrigerated dough, i.e biscuits, French fries

A

Trans fats

75
Q

Found in cold-water fish and plant sources, including flax, pumpkin, and chia seeds; walnuts and soy foods

Appear to decrease risk of heart disease

A

Omega-3 fatty acids

76
Q

Tops butter when it comes to heart health. Also it is made from vegetable oils with unsaturated “good fats” 4% and 26% total fat content

63% of fat in butter there fore it is saturated fat.

A

Human Physiology (2 decks)

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