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Human Physiology > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat.

A

Muscular System

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2
Q

Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.

A

Skeletal System

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3
Q

Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes Vitamin D; location of sensory receptors(pain, pressure,etc.) and sweat and oil glands

A

Integumentary System

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4
Q

Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

A

Nervous System

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4
Q

Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

A

Nervous System

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5
Q

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

A

Endocrine System

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6
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood

A

Cardiovascular System

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6
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood

A

Cardiovascular System

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7
Q

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

A

Lymphatic System

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8
Q

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

A

Respiratory System

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9
Q

Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.

A

Urinary System

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10
Q

Produced sperm and male hormones

A

Testes

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11
Q

Produced eggs and female hormones

A

Ovaries

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12
Q

Female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn

A

Mammary Glands

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13
Q

Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces

A

Digestive System

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14
Q

Chemicals used for energy and cell building include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

A

Nutrients

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15
Q

Required for chemical reactions made available by the cooperation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

Oxygen

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15
Q

Required for chemical reactions made available by the cooperation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

Oxygen

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16
Q

60 to 80 percent of body weight
Most abundant chemical in the human body provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions

A

Water

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17
Q

37C (98.6F)
Below this temperature, chemical reactions slow and stop
Above this temperature, chemical reactions proceed too rapidly

A

Normal body temperature

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18
Q

Must be appropriate for gas exchange

A

Atmospheric pressure

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19
Q

Takes in nutrients, digest them (part of metabolism), and excretes unabsorbed matter (feces)

A

Digestive system

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20
Q

Takes in oxygen, which is required for metabolism, and excretes carbon dioxide.

A

Respiratory System

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21
Q

Excretes nitrogen containing wastes and excess ions

A

Urinary System

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22
Protects the body as a whole from the external environment by maintaining boundaries.
Integumentary system
23
Houses the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
24
Houses the brain
Cranial Cavity
24
Protected by the vertebrae
Spinal Cavity
25
Protected by the skull
Cranial cavity
26
Fundamental units of matter
Elements
27
How many percent of the body is made from four Elements
96%
28
What is the four elements
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
29
Most common; 65% of the body's mass
Oxygen
30
Characteristics of living organisms Sum of total of all chemical reactions to maintain health and life
Metablosim
31
Larger molecules forming from smaller molecules or atoms
Anabolic
32
Bonds of larger molecules break, releasing smaller molecules or atoms
Catabolic
33
Require sufficient energy to cause matter to collide with enough precision and force to break old chemical bonds and forms new ones
Chemical Reactions
34
Energy that powers any type of motion, e.g. building a brick wall
Kinetic energy
35
Stored energy, energy of position or the energy matter possesses
Potential energy
36
Form of potential energy in which energy is stored in chemical bonds. When bonds are formed, chemical energy is released, e.g. eating an energy bar.
Chemical Energy
37
Chemical reactions that release more energy than they absorb. e.g. catabolism of food in the energy bar.
Exergonic
38
Chemical reactions that release more energy that absorb more energy than release.
Endergonic
39
Uses energy of sunlight to create sugars
Photosynthesis
40
Energy from food is stored in fat molecules
Fatty acid anabolism
41
Do not use ATP the same way most endergonic reactions do.
DNA/RNA Synthesis
42
DNA has four basis
A C T G
43
"A" Base pair stands for
Adesonine
44
A more typical example of how living things move energy, and add it to reactions to allow new chemical bonds to form.
Protein Synthesis
45
During protein synthesis, a variety of -------- work together
Enzymes Ribosomes
46
About _______ must be consumed to add a single amino acid to a growing protein.
5 ATP
47
For every glucose molecule that is metabolized, about ______ could be added to a protein.
6 amino acids
48
Uses both ATP and another energy-carrying molecule- NADPH- to supply energy to create fatty acids.
Fatty Acids Synthesis
48
Uses both ATP and another energy-carrying molecule- NADPH- to supply energy to create fatty acids.
Fatty Acids Synthesis
49
Stored in physical systems such as machines, engines, or the human body, directly powers the movement of matter. (e.g. lifting a brick in place)
Mechanical Energy
50
Energy emitted and transmitted as waves rather than matter.
Radiant Energy
51
The full spectrum of radiant energy is referred to as the _______
Electromagnetic spectrum
52
Radio waves and microwaves are _____
Long
53
Gamma waves emitted from decaying atomic nuclei are _____
Short
54
The range in the spectrum is called
Visible light
55
Supplied by electrolytes in cells and body fluids, contributes to the voltage changes that help transmit in nerve and muscle cells
Electrical Energy
56
Does not contain both carbon and hydrogen. Many _______ Do contain hydrogen atoms, such as water and the HCI provide by your stomach.
Inorganic Compound
57
Then is a substance that contains both carbon and hydrogen. Also it is synthesizes via covalent bond within living organisms, including human body.
Organic Compound
58
3 groups of inorganic compounds
Water, Salts, Acids & Bases
59
Comprises 70% of an adults body weight, contained within the cells and between the cells that make up tissues and organs.
Water
60
Are formed when ions form ionic bond. Also is a substance that, when dissolved in water, dissociates into ions other than H+ or OH-
Salt
61
Like salts dissociates in water into electrolytes. Also it can very much change the properties of the solution in which they are dissolved
Acids and Bases
62
Is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution.
Acids
63
Is a substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-) in solution, or on that accepts H+ already present in solution
Bases
64
pH below 7 is ____ pH above 7 is ____
Acidic Alkaline
65
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Include sugars and starches Classified according to size and solubility in water
Carbohydrates
66
Simple sugars and the structural units of the carbohydrate group Single chain or single ring structure Contain three to seven carbon atoms
Monosaccharides
67
Two simple sugars joined by dehydrations synthesis
Dissacharides
68
Long-branching chains of linked simple sugars
Polysaccharides
69
Most abundant are the trigylcerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Carbon and hydrogen outnumbered oxygen
Lipids
70
Found in fat deposits Sourced of stored energy Composed of two types of building blocks ---fatty acids and one glycerol molecule saturated fatty acids, Unsaturated fatty acids
Triglycerides or neutral fats
71
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
71
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
71
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
71
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
71
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
72
Contain only single covalent bonds Chains are straight Exist as solids at room temperature since molecules pack closely together
Saturated fats
73
Contain one or more double covalent bonds, causing chains to kink Exist as liquid oils at room temperature Heart Healthy
Unsaturated fats
74
e.g. Cakes, cookies, pies, shortening, microwave popcorn, frozen pizza, refrigerated dough, i.e biscuits, French fries
Trans fats
75
Found in cold-water fish and plant sources, including flax, pumpkin, and chia seeds; walnuts and soy foods Appear to decrease risk of heart disease
Omega-3 fatty acids
76
Tops butter when it comes to heart health. Also it is made from vegetable oils with unsaturated "good fats" 4% and 26% total fat content 63% of fat in butter there fore it is saturated fat.

Human Physiology (2 decks)

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