Lesson 1

Question 1

What is ADME?

Answer 1

It’s the study of drugs, it includes Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion

Question 2

Which is the diameter of a pore in the endothelium and in the epithelium?

Answer 2

40-80 A endothelium, 4 A epithelium

Question 3

Passive diffusion: which is the molecular weight under which molecules can easily cross the membrane through the pores?

Answer 3

Under 100 Dalton

Question 4

Which mechanism of transport allow drugs to be absorbed against the electrochemical gradient?

Answer 4

Active transport throught transmembrane ATP-dependant proteins (ex: ATP binding cassette)

Question 5

Which law regulates the relationship between the dissociated portion and the undissociated portion for a given molecule?

Answer 5

The Hendersson Hasselbach equation:
- Weak acid: [ioniz.Fraction] = [unioniz.Factor]×10^((pH-pKa))
- Weak base: [ioniz.Fraction] = [unioniz.Factor]×10^((pKa-pH))

Question 6

Why it’s useful to administer a drug bypassing the liver?

Answer 6

Because in this way the drug can act more rapidly

Question 7

Which are the 3 major step of the oral administration?

Answer 7

1- Drug dissolution
2- passage across gastric or enteric mucosa: all the xenobiotics crossing the enteric mucosa will reach the liver by the portal venous blood
2- In the liver: biotransformation

Question 8

Which are the way of administration of a drug?

Answer 8

Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, inhalatory, dermal, mucosal

Question 9

What is a bolus injection?

Answer 9

It’s a particular injection used for kinetics studies in which the drug is injected all at once.
Usually, for therapeutic purpose, doses should be given slowly

Question 10

What is the therapeutic index?

Answer 10

ratio between the toxic dose and the efficacious dose of a drug