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Psych Chapter 10 > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave

A

Personality

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2
Q

value judgments made about a person’s moral and ethical behavior

A

Character

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3
Q

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born

A

Temperament

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4
Q

Four perspective in study of Personality

A

Psychodynamic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Trait

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5
Q

the founder of the psychoanalytic movement in psychology

A

Freud

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6
Q

men were supposedly unable to control their “animal” desires;

A

Europe during the Victorian Age

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7
Q

Divisions of Consciousness

A

Preconscious mimd
Conscious mind
Unconscious mind

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8
Q

level of the mind in which information is available but not currently conscious

A

Preconscious mind:

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9
Q

level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions

A

Conscious mind

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10
Q

level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness are kept

A

Unconscious mind

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11
Q

can be revealed in dreams and Freudian slips of the tongue

A

Unconscious mind

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12
Q

Parts of Personality

A

Id
Ego
Superego

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13
Q

part of the personality present at birth; completely unconscious

A

Id

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14
Q

the instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society’s standards for behavior

A

Libido

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15
Q

principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences

A

Pleasure principle

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16
Q

part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality; mostly conscious, rational, and logical

A

Ego

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17
Q

principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result

A

Reality principle

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18
Q

ID -

Ego -

Super-ego -

A

Pleasure principle

Reality principle

Ego ideal and Conscience

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19
Q

part of the personality that acts as a moral center

A

Superego

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20
Q

part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior

A

Ego ideal

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21
Q

part of the superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal

A

Conscience

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22
Q

unconscious distortions of a person’s perception of reality that
reduce stress and anxiety

A

Psychological defense mechanisms

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23
Q

DM: the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation

A

Denial

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24
Q

DM: the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind

A

Repression

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25
Q

unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelings

A

Projection

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26
Q

the person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

A

Rationalization

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27
Q

the person forms an emotional or behavioral reaction opposite to the way he or she really feels in order to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

A

Reaction formation

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28
Q

redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one

A

Displacement

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29
Q

the person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

A

Regression

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30
Q

the person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety

A

Identification

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31
Q

the person makes up for deficiencies in one area by becoming superior in another area

A

Compensation

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32
Q

channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior

A

Sublimation

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33
Q

if the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, it will result in personality traits and behaviors associated with that earlier stage

A

Fixation

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34
Q

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child

A

Psychosexual stages

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35
Q

Anal Stage

person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile

A

Anal expulsive personality

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36
Q

a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubborn

A

Anal retentive personality

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37
Q

Ages and Conflict

Oral Stage

Anal

Phallic

Latency

Genital

A

First year and Weaning

1-3 years and Toilet traininf

3-6 and sexual feelings

School years and sexual feelings are repressed

Puberty and sexual feelings reawaken

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38
Q

followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis

A

Neo Freudians

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39
Q

developed a theory including both a personal and a collective unconscious

A

Carl Jung

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40
Q

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

A

Personal unconscious

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41
Q

the memories shared by all members of the human species

A

Collective unconscious

42
Q

collective, universal human memories

A

Archetypes

43
Q

Proposed that feelings of inferiority are the driving force behind personality

A

Adler

44
Q

Developed birth order theory

A

Adler

45
Q

feel inferior to younger children who receive attention; become overachievers

A- First born
B- middle
C-youngest

A

A

46
Q

feel superior to dethroned older children,

A- First born
B- middle
C-youngest

A

B

47
Q

feel inferior because they don’t have the freedom or responsibility

A
B
C

A

C

48
Q

Developed a theory based on basic anxiety; rejected the concept of penis envy

A

Horney

49
Q

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

A

Basic anxiety

50
Q

the result of less- secure upbringings and paired with maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships

A

Neurotic personalities

51
Q

Developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span

A

Erikson

52
Q

Current research has found support for:
– defense mechanisms
– the concept of an unconscious mind that can influence conscious behavior
• Other Freudian concepts cannot be scientifically researched
– Freud based diagnosis on interpretation of dreams and free association

A

Modern Psychoanalytic theory

53
Q

define personality as a set of learned responses or habits

A

Behaviorist

54
Q

well-learned response that has become automatic

A

Habit

55
Q

emphasize the importance of:
– the influences of other people’s behavior
– the influence of a person’s own expectancies
on learning

A

Social cognitive learning theorists

56
Q

learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models

A

Social cognitive view

57
Q

Bandura’s explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

A

Reciprocal determinism

58
Q

an individual’s perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (not the same as self-esteem)

A

Self-efficacy

59
Q

locus of control
– expectancy

A

Rotter’s Social Learning Theory

60
Q

the “third force” in psychology

A

Humanistic perspective

61
Q

focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice

A

Humanistic perspective

62
Q

developed as a reaction against the negativity of psychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism

A

Humanistic perspective

63
Q

the striving to fulfill one’s innate capacities and capabilities

A

Self-actualizing tendency

64
Q

the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one’s life

A

Self concept

65
Q

works with the ego to manage other archetypes and balance the personality

A

Self archetype

66
Q

one’s perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities

A

Real self

67
Q

one’s perception of whom one should be or would like to be

A

Ideal self

68
Q

warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life

A

Positive regard

69
Q

positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached

A

Unconditional positive regard

70
Q

positive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish

A

Conditional positive regard

71
Q

a person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings

A

Fully functioning person

72
Q

theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior

A

Trait theories

73
Q

a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving

A

Trait

74
Q

first developed a list of about 200 traits; he believed that these traits were part of the nervous system

A

Allport

75
Q

reduced the number of traits to between sixteen and twenty-three with a computer method called factor analysis
– developed the 16PF test

A

Cattell

76
Q

aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person

A

Surface traits

77
Q

the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality

A

Source traits

78
Q

dimension of personality in which people tend to withdraw from excessive stimulation

A

Introversion

79
Q

The big five theory

A

O - op
C - conscientiousness
E - extraversion
A - agreeableness
N - neuroticism

80
Q

the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability

A

conscientiousness

81
Q

theemotionalstyleofa person that may range from easygoing, friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant

A

Agreeableness

82
Q

degreeofemotionalinstabilityor

A

Neuroticism

83
Q

the particular circumstances of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed

A

Trait-situation interaction

84
Q

the study of the relationship between heredity and personality

A

Behavioral genetics

85
Q

how much some trait within a population can be attributed to genetic
influences, and the extent individual genetic variation impacts differences in observed behavior

A

Heritability

86
Q

otherwise known as the “Jim” twins were separated shortly after birth and reunited at age thirty-nine; they exhibited many similarities in personality and personal habits

A

James Arthur Springer and James Edward Lewis

87
Q

Four basic dimensions of personality

A

individualism/collectivism
– power distance
– masculinity/femininity
– uncertainty avoidance

88
Q

personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the client and allows the client to answer, either in a structured or unstructured fashion

A

Interview

89
Q

tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements

A

Halo effect

90
Q

personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind

A

Projective tests

91
Q

projective test that uses ten inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli

A

Rorschach inkblot test:

92
Q

projective test that uses twenty pictures of people in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli

A

Thematic apperception test

93
Q

concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular person’s perception and may be influenced by biases, prejudice, and personal experiences

A

Subjective

94
Q

the professional observes the client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior in either a clinical or natural setting

A

Direct observation

95
Q

a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale

A

Rating scale

96
Q

assessment in which the frequency of a particular behavior is counted

A

Frequency count

97
Q

paper and pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking the test

A

Personality inventory

98
Q

based on the five-factor model

A

Neo pi

99
Q

based on
Jung’s theory of personality types

A

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator:

100
Q

designed to detect abnormal behavior or thinking patterns in personality

A

MMPI-2

Psych Chapter 10 (1 decks)

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