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Microbiology > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Group B Strep
Staph aureus
Staph epidermidis

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2
Q

Need vaccines to protect against (in asplenia - No Spleen Here)

A
  1. N meningitidis
  2. S pneumoniae
  3. H influenzae
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3
Q

In vivo biofilm-producing bacteria

A
  1. S epidermidis: catheter and prosthetic device infections
  2. Viridans streptococci (S mutans, S sanguinis): dental plaques infective endocarditis
  3. P aeruginosa: respiratory tree colonization in patients with cystic fibrosis, ventilator-associated pneumonia. Contact lens - associated keratitis
  4. Nontypeable (unencapsulated) H influenzae: otitis media
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4
Q

Spore-forming bacteria (endospores are formed by only 2 genera of gram-positive bacteria: the aerobic Bacillus and the anaerobic Clostridium)

A
  1. B anthracis (anthrax)
  2. B cereus ( food poisoning)
  3. C botulinum (botulism)
  4. C difficile (pseudomembranous colitis)
  5. C perfringens (gas gangrene)
  6. C tetani (tetanus)
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5
Q

Gram stain limitations (These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere)

A
  1. Treponema, Leptospira - too thin to be visualized
  2. Mycobacteria - cell wall has high lipid content
  3. Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma - no cell wall
  4. Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia
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6
Q

Giemsa stain (mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and Azure B

A
  1. Protozoa: plasmodium, trypanosomes
  2. Intracellular bugs: chlamydia, rickettsia, borrelia
  3. Helicobacter pylori
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7
Q

Periodic acid-Schiff stain

A

Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides; used to diagnose Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)

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8
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain (carbol fuchsin)

A

Acid-fast bacteria (eg, Mycobacteria, Nocardia; stains mycolic acid in cell wall); protozoa (eg, Cryptosporodium oocyts)

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9
Q

India ink stain (negative stain)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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10
Q

Silver stain

A
  1. Fungi (eg, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Aspergillus fumigatus)
  2. Legionella, H pylori, Bartonella henselae
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11
Q

Fluorescent antibody stain

A

Used to identify many bacteria, viruses, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium
Example is FTA-ABS for syphilis

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12
Q

Pigment-producing bacteria

A
  1. Actinomyces israelii - yellow “sulfur” granules, which are composed of filaments of bacteria
  2. A auerus - golden yellow pigment
  3. P aeruginosa - blue-green pigment (pyocyanin and pyoverdin)
  4. Serratia marcescens - red pigment
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13
Q

Which bacteria’s capsula composed of protein?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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14
Q

Aerobe bacteria

A

Nocardia, Pseudomanas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

Anaerobes

A

Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces israelii
- they lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase
- aminoglycosides are ineffective against anaerobes because these antibiotics require oxygen to enter into bacterial cell

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16
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Streptococci, staphylococci, and enteric gram(-) bacteria

17
Q

Obligate intracellular bacteria

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella

18
Q

Facultative intracellular bacteria

A

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis

19
Q

Catalase-positive organisms

A

Nocardia, Serratia, Candida, Burkholderia cepasia, Pseudomonas and Staphylococci, Listeria, E coli, Aspergillus, H pylori, B pertussis

20
Q

Unique cell walls

A
  1. Mycoplasma - no cell wall, does not gram stain
  2. Mycobacteria - cell wall has mycolic acid, does not gram stain well, special steins used (Ziehl-Neelsen)
  3. Chlamydia - lacks muramic acid
21
Q

M protein

A
  1. Surface molecule of group A strep
  2. M protein prevents phagocytosis
    • binds factor H
    • breaks down C3-convertase, prevent opsonization by C3b
  3. Sequence homology with human myosin

Microbiology (4 decks)

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