Lesson 1 Flashcards
GC/MS
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectometry
Phototoxic
Toxic in sunlight, serious sunburn or discoloration
Latin name
Botanical name for a given plant
Genus / species
Genus first then species in Latin name
What dilution should you use form someone with sensitivity and what other precautions
1 percent. Test a small amount on forearm first and get their approval on the aroma
Do essential oils with low or high molecular weight absorb in the skin faster
Low
What are the phototoxic oils
Lemon, lime, bergamot, grapefruit and bitter orange. Only cold pressed lime is
What will the GC/MS report tell you
A breakdown of the chemical constituents, which helps to understand the therapeutic effects of that particular batch of oils, show components that might indicate adulteration and identify chemo types of certain oils
Our sense of smell has direct connection to which 2 parts of the brain
Limbos and cortex
What are three concerns for using Monoterpene rich oils
Oxidation, phototoxicity, skin irritation (from the hot and spicy or oxidized oils)
Olfaction
The action or capacity of smelling , sense of smell
Chemotype
A plant that has the same genus and same species, but a different chemistry. The plant has a genetic predisposition to create chemotypes based on the environment it grows in
What is an example of a plant that has several different chemo types
Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officianallis, Ocimum basilcum
Lavender
Lavendula angustifolia
Olfactory membrane
Recognizes individual molecules and sends that information directly to the brain
Olfactory bulb
Leads impulses to the cortex and limbus regions of the brain
Cortex
Conscious processing, discernment, recognition and memory
Limbic contains what?
Contains amygdala, septum, hippocampus, cingulate gurus)
Limbic
Emotion, instinctive behavior, motivation, drive, feelings, learning, memory
What does Instinctive behavior drive
an automatic emotional responses
Limbic system affect on mood
Long term memories can be evoked by smell and affect mood.
What is the only sense to reach the Cerebral cortex
Olfactory (smell)
What does the Cortex control with higher learning?
Higher learning, think, learn, remember and create. Skills in a human way
Main routes of absorption
Inhalation, skin,
What does Inhalation come in direct contact with and how does it cross into blood
Come in direct contact with nasal passages, sinuses, trachea, and lungs. Essential oils can cross into the bloodstream from the lungs. Lung membranes to caplilaries through the blood
Inhalation benefits
Quick absorption into the bloodstream, direct effect on respiratory infection and congestion, central nervous system
Inhalation safety. What can not be inhaled and are there any contraindications?
Not all oils can be inhaled. Oils high in phenols, aldehydes. Depends on the individual . Some may be contraindicated with asthma and allergies, be careful with dosage as high amounts can cause headaches, dizziness and nose and lung irritaiton
What is Skin called in the medical field?
Cutaneous or dermal tissue
Outer most layer of the skin
Stratum corneum made up of wax like keratin
How May layers does the skin have
4 but palms and soles have 5
Skin and lipid
Skins has many lipids which essential oils like and they are lipophilic meaning attracted to lipids
Skin to capillaries
Once essential oils slide through the skin with lipids or or water (sweat glands ) they enter the bloodstream through capillaries
Most permeable areas of the body
Genitals, head, trunk, limbs
Three concerns for skin
Irritation, sensitization, phottoxicity
Sensitization
Allergic reaction of the immune system
What oils are more likely to causes sensitization
Oils high in aldehydes and lactones or oxidized oils
Phototoxicity
Light induced reaction to sunlight
Most common phototoxic agents
Furancoumarins
Physical parameters of GC/MS
Optical rotation- ability to rotate in a plane of polarized light
Refractive index - when light passes it refracts its bends
Relative density - ratio of how dense it is
Specific gravity - grams per millimeter of an essential oi
Genus
First part of the name always capitalized and a noun
Species
Second part of the name , often describing a characteristic feature of the plant and always lower case (adjective)
Variety var.
Same genus same species, but different distinguishing physical characteristics
Chemotypes ct.
Same genus same species but different chemical profiles because of its genetic and environment .
Chemotype factors
Climate, soil, altitude, light, rainfall, disease resistance
Hybrid. “X”
Two plants cross and make a new related plant with different chemistry
Thyme chemotypes
Thymol, carvacrol, linalool, thuyanol, geraniol
Thyme ct thymol
Reduce infection, stimulates immune systems, pain, inflammation and muscle spasms . Ideals for colds, flu, at berit is, sciatica
Thyme ct. carvacrol
Similar to thymol, skin irritant
Thyme ct. linalool
Immune stimulation, nervous system tonic, anti microbial, anti inflammatory, acne and paoriasis
Examples of chemo types
Rosemary, thyme and basil
Same common name, different genus and species
Cedarwood
juniperus Virginiana and Cedrus Atlantica
How many chemical families are there
10
What is a chemical family
Grouping of chemical components based in specific similarities in their molecular structure
Monoterpenes
Bergamot, black pepper, cypress, frankincense, grapefruit, juniper berry, laurel leaf, lemon, neroli, nutmeg, opoponax, orange, Ravinstara, rosemary, Siberian fir, sweet marjoram, tea tree, thyme ct. linalool, thyme ct. thymol
Common monoterpenes
Alpha-pinene (antibacterial and viral)
D-limonene
I-limonene
Alpha-pinene
Antibacterial and viral
D-limonene
Found in citrus activates white blood cells and immune supportive
I-limonene
Found in conifers- wound healing and antioxidant
Therapeutic properties of monoterpenes
Antiseptic Decongestant Circulation Analgesic for some Anti inflammatory Anti bacterial and viral Highly liphophilic Deodorizers
Are monoterpenes prone to oxidization?
Are they lipophilic
Yes yes
Your client has a cold coming on. Which method of application would help
Steam inhalation or inhaler
Your client wants a daily lotion with essential oils that nourish the skin. What dilution should you use?
1 or 2 percent
Are essential oils high in monoterpenes generally more or less prone to oxidization
More , they are more unstable than other molecules
Do all plants make chemo types
No
How does molecular weight of an essential oil affect the way they are absorbed by the skin
The heavier weight will stay in the skin
And the lighter will absorb quicker
What system does steam inhalation directly affect
Respiratory system
Why shouldn’t you just order chamomile essential oil?
Chamomile doesn’t tell us which genus or species we are ordering. It could be German or Roman and each have different therapeutic affects
Why is it such a big deal that the sense of smell touches the limbic system
The limbic system is the seat of emotions, instinctive behavior and connections to learning and memory
