Lesson 1 Flashcards
Indizhinikaaz
Is how I am called
Indoodem
Is MY clan
Indoonjibaa
Is where I am from
Ind-igoo
Is MY Spirit/Indian name
Gidizhinikaaz
Is how YOU are called
Gidoodem
Is YOUR clan
Gidoonjibaa
Is where YOU are from
Gid-igoo
Is YOUR Spirit/Indian name
Izhinikaazo
Is how S/HE is called *Wiin = S/he
Odoodeman
Is HIS/HER clan
Onjibaa
Is where S/HE is from
Inaa
Is HIS/HER Spirit/Indian name
Ni + Gi = Me + You
• Nind, ind, ni, nim, nin all mean ME
• nind or ind = before a vowel: nindizhinikaaz
• ni = before everything else BUT
- nim = before B
- nin = before Z, ZH, J, G
• gid, gi mean YOU
- Gid = before a vowel: gidizhinikaaz
* Gi = before everything else
The verb alone = S/he (this is for VAI or
“S/he verbs”
• nindizhinikaaz is actually a conjugated form of:
• ishinikaazo - BUT the final “o” was removed
Because of the nind part added to the front
The verb alone = S/He (this is for VAI or
“S/he verbs”
1- nindizhinikaaz is actually a conjugated form of:
2- nindoonjibaa is actually a conjugated form of:
1- ishinikaazo
But the FINAL “o” was removed because of the addition of “nind”
2- onjibaa
But the INITIAL “o” was duplicated because of the addition of “nind”
Oodoodemi = s/he has a clan
- ________ indoodem
- ________ gidoodem
- ________ odoodeman
- is MY clan
- is YOUR clan
- is HIS/HER clan
1- Mikinaak nindoodem
2- Mikinaak gidoodem
3- Mikinaak odoodeman
1- Turtle is MY clan/ MY clan is Turtle
2- Turtle is YOUR clan/ Your clan is Turtle
3- Turtle is HIS/HER CLAN/ HIS/HER clan is Turtle
Gaawiin ________sii = No ________ does not …
1- Gaawiin nindoodemisii
2- Gaawiin gidoodemisii
3- Gaawiin odoodemisii
1- No I don’t have a clan
2- No YOU don’t have a clan
3- No S/HE doesn’t have a clan
Note, grammatically, there is another syllable here: 1- Gaawiin nindoodoodemisii, 2- Gaawiin gidoodoodemisii
Gaawiin mashi OR Gaa mashi = Not yet …
1- Gaa mashi ingikenimaasii indoodem
2- Gaa mashi gigikenimaasii gidoodem
3- Gaa mashi ogikenimaasiin odoodeman
1- I do not know my clan yet
2- YOU do not know your clan yet
3- S/HE does not know HIS/HER clan yet
Gaa/Gaawiin mashi (no, does not) ingikenimaasii (not know) indoodem my clan
SONG: “ishkode-odaabaan” Bezhig
• Choo-choo-choo (2xs) • Ishkode-odaabaan • Choo-choo-choo (2xs) •Bi-azhe-giiwe • Ishaadaa \_\_\_\_\_ endaad -Migizi, Glenn, Sara, Bikwaak
SONG: “ishkode-odaabaan” Bezhig
• Choo-choo-choo (2xs) • Ishkode-odaabaan. = TRAIN • Choo-choo-choo (2xs) •Bi-azhe-giiwe. = SHE/HE RETURNS • Ishaadaa Sara endaad =LET’S GO TO THIS PERSON’S PLACE -Migizi, Glenn, Sara, Bikwaak
“Ishkode-odaabaan”: Talking about LET’S
• ishaadaa! = LET’S go! (And you are supposed to say where)
1- Agwajiing izhaadaa!
2- Saka’aaganing izhaadaa!
1- Let’s go OUTSIDE
2- Let’s go to Saka’aaganing! MOLE LAKE
“Ishkode-odaaban”: Talking about Let’s
- izhaadaa! = LET’S GO (you are supposed to say where)
- _____daa! Can be added to other actions to say: LET’S DO _____!
1- maajitaa daa!
1- Let’s Start!
Talking about LET’S: •ishaadaa! = LET’S GO (say where) 1- Agwajiing izhaadaa! • \_\_\_\_\_ daa! Can be added to actions to say Let’s do \_\_\_\_\_! 2- wiisinidaa! 3- odaminodaa! 4- nibaadaa! 5- giiwedaa! 6- biindigedaa!
1- Let’s go outside! 2- Let’s eat! 3- Let’s play 4- Let’s sleep 5- Let’s go home 6- Let’s go inside
Sometines AMBE! Come On! Is added before there: Ambe wiisinidaa! Come On, Let’s Eat!
LET’S _____
1- Babaamosedaa
2- Gawishimodaa
3- Nagamodaa
4- O-mawinzodaa
1- Let’s go for a walk
2- Let’s retire for the evening/go to bed
3- Let’s sing
4- Let’s go pick berries (the o- is the “go” part here)
• Izhaadaa Sarah endaad
Let’s go to Sarah’s place
Awenen wa’aw?
• ishkode-odaabaan
Who is this?
• Train (choo-choo)
• Bi-azhe-giiwe
• S/he returns/comes back this way
- Bi= this way (towards the person saying this word)
- azhe-giiwe = s/he returns home OR s/he returns back to where s/he started from
- azhe-giiwedaa
- Bi-azhe-giiwe
- Bi-azhe-giiwedaa!
- Let’s go back/let’s return
- She/he returns/comes back this way
- Let’s come back here at this (future) time.
• Mii sa iw!
• That’s it!
Long Vowels:
- e as in indoodem
- aa as in Anishinaabe
- ii as in wiisini
- oo as in oodanah
- Long vowels are emphasized indizhinikAAz
- The second long vowel gets the most emphasis indoodEm
Short Vowels:
- i as in indoodem
- o as in mino-ayaa
- a as in wabaan
Pronounciation sounds different from English:
- ayaa
- boozhoo
- o’ow mazina’igan
- Gaawiin
- Jiibaakwe
- ay like “eye”
- zh like treasure
- ‘ is a glottal stop like o’oh!
- G’s are always hard
- J is always the soft g sound in English
Pronunciation Advice:
- practice sound out words slowly at first
- The words are more easily pronounced when divided into consonant/vowel clusters.
- nin / doon / ji / baa
- start at the end of the word and split between consonants and the vowels
- and remember to emphasize that 2nd long vowel
Aaniin ezhi-ayaayan? Nagamon Ikidowinan:
- mino
- ayaa
- eniwek
“How are you (feeling)? Here is how we answer:
- good
- to be
- a neutral term meaning not “bad”, but not 100% great either
“Aaniin ezhi-ayaayan?” … (song)
- Aaniin ezhi-ayaayan? (2xs)
- Nimino-ayaa, eniwek igo
- Aaniin ezhi-ayaad? (2xs)
- Mino ayaa, eniwek igo
- How are you? (Yan = you)
- I am good, I am neutral (Ni = I)
- How is she/he? (d= she/he)
- S/he is good, s/he is neutral.
• Aanin ezhi-ayaayan?
- Nimino-ayaa, Eniwek igo
• Aaniin ezhi-ayaad?
- Mino-ayaa, Eniwek igo
• Aaniin enamanji’oyan?
- Nimino-manji’, Eniwek igo
• Aaniin enamanji’od?
- Mino-manji’o, Eniwek igo
• How are you?
- I am good, neutral
• How is s/he?
- S/he is good, neutral
• How are you FEELING?
- I’m feeling good, neutral
• How is s/he FEELING?
- S/he feels good, neutral
Talking about Me
- nind/ind before vowels
- ni before everything but, NIM/IM before B, NIN/IN before g, j, z, zh
1- bakade
2- ayekozi
3- ojaanimendam
1- nimbakade = I’m hungry (nibakade)
2- nindayekoz = I’m tired (DROP FINAL SHORT VOWEL with addition of nind/ind - ni and gi in the positive forms)
3- nindOojaanimendam = I’m stressed out (lenthen the o like nindoonjibaa) when using nind or gid if the first letter of the verb is “o” and nind/gid comes immediately before it)
- Niminwendam
- Nindaakoz
- Ninzegiz
- Nimbakade
- I am happy
- I am sick
- I am scared
- I am hungry
Notes on Clans: 1. Indoodem odoodeman gidoodem 2. Gaawiin indoodemisii Gaawiin odoodemisii Gaawiin gidoodemisii 3. Gaa mashi ingikenimaasii indoodem Gaa mashi ogikenimaasiin odoodeman Gaa mashi gigikenimaasii gidoodem
- = clan is, my, his/hers, your
- = don’t have a clan, my, he/she, you
- = don’t yet know clan, my, he/she, you
Aandi _________?
Giiwedinong Ningaabii’anong Waabanong Zhaawanong
Where is ________?
(in the) North (In the) West (in the) East (in the) South
Giin dash = ?
- Makoons indizhinikaaz. Giin dash?
- Migizi indizhinikaaz …
- Migizi gidizhinikaaz.
And you?
- Makoons I am called. And you?
- Migizi I am called. (Is the answer)
- Your name is Migizi.
“Ginibaa na?” (Song)
- Ginibaa na? Ginibaa na?
- Nisayenh, nisayenh?
- Mamadwesin godotaagan
- Ding, dong, ding
- Nibaa na? Nibaa na?
- Gisayenh, gisayenh?
“Are you Sleeping?”
- Are you sleeping? (2xs)
- My older brother? (2xs)
- The bell is ringing
- Ding, dong, ding
- Is SHE/HE sleeping? (2xs)
- YOUR older brother? (2xs)
Na? Ina?
Can be answered with a simple YES OR NO.
Aaniin ekidong: Is she/he good?
• There are verbal question marks
• They have to be the 2nd word of the question
• na comes after a word that ends in a vowel
• ina comes after a word that ends in a consonant
Eya Gaawiin
How do we say Is she/he good? Mino-ayaa na?
Aaniin ekidong:
1- Is he/she good? Yes, I am good 2- Does he/she FEEL good? 3- Are you good? I am good. 4. Do you feel good? Yes, I feel good
How do we say:
1- Mino-ayaa na? 2- Mino-manji’o na? 3- Gimino-ayaa na? Eya, nimino-ayaa 4- Gimino-manji’ ina? Eya, nimino-manji’
NA Animate Nouns+ NI Inanimate Nouns/Objects
-The last letter of the plural form tells us if the noun is living (na) or nonliving (ni)
IF last letter of plural form is G, noun is NA, if last letter of plural is N, noun is NI
NA: Dewe’iganAG, MiigwanaAG, OpwaaganAG, MitigOOG,
NI: Mazina’iganAN, DakisijiganAN, MinikwaajiganAN, MitigOON
NA: Dewe’iganag = Drums Miigwanag = Feathers Opwaaganag = Pipes Mitigoog = Trees NI: Mazina’iganan = books, papers Dakisijiganan = Fridges Minikwaajiganan = Cups Mitigoon = pieces of wood
The last letter of the plural form tells us if the noun is living (NA) = G, or nonliving (NI) = N
Makwa Ziibi
Makwag Ziibiwan
Living NA Non-Living NI
Bear river
Bears rivers
Show Animate/Inanimate Nouns:
Miinan Miskominag Ode’iminan
Giizhikaandag Odaabaanag Aagimag
NA NI Miskominag Miinan (raspberries) (blueberries) Giizhikaandag Ode’iminan (Cedar boughs) (strawberries) Odaabaanag (cars) Aagimag (snowshoes)
Categorize these Nouns as NA or NI: • all trees • all animals •most plants • most sacred items • all dishes (not pots • all liquids • place names • electronic devices
NA:
• all trees • all animals • most plants
• most sacred items
NI:
• all dishes (not pots) • all liquids
• place names • electronic devices
How do we tell if a noun is animate or inanimate?
- get the plural form
- if there is no plural form, then listen to how it is used in a sentence
- when working with an Ojibwe speaker, ideally you’d get both of the above
Just because a noun is inanimate, doesn’t mean there isn’t a Spirit attached to that object.
- There are many water spirits, but Nibi (or Nibiish), the clear liquid we drink, swim in, canoe on … that is inanimate.
- Sacred places have spirits, but the place name itself is not considered living.
- We too have spirits, but our names are not considered living, although our names are attached to spirits.
- Sometimes its how we refer to a plant that causes us to speak about that being as inanimate (like if we talk about the plant using the name for the fruit the plant produces).
We have to know if what we talk about is living or nonliving to know how to form a sentence.
Animate Nouns;Living Beings:
• Are never spoken of as “it”
• Beings that have passed over are still spoken of as animate nouns
• We use the same verbs to describe these as we us to describe humans
Inanimate Nouns; Objects:
• In stories, some of these actually become animate
Aaniin ekidong: 1- Are you happy? 2- Is s/he happy? 3- Are you tired? 4- Is s/he tired? 5- Is S/he is happy 6- Are you loved?
1- Giminwendam ina? 2- Minwendam ina? 3- Gidayekoz ina? 4- Ayekozi na? 5- Minwendam ina? 6- Giminwenim ina?
Quiz Words:
- minwendam
- maanendam
- ayekozi
- ojaanimendam
- aakozi
Are YOU …….?
- happy. (Giminwendam ina?)
- sad (gimaanendam ina?)
- tired (giayekoz ina?)
- stressed out (gidoojaanimendam ina?)
- sick (giaakoz ina?)
Minwenimo
Giminwenim ina?
Gimaanendam na?
S/he is loved
Are you loved?
- drop short vowel with ni+gi positive
- patter = GI+verb+ina = are you _____?
Are you happy? (Maanendam)
There are 4 different types of verbs in Ojibwe: • VAIs • VIIs • VTIs • VTAs
- S/he verbs VAIs
- It is verbs VIIs
- Do it to it Verbs VTIs
- Do it to him/her Verbs VTAs
VAIs (S/he is Verbs)
Describe a living being just being
- The being is not inflicting him/herself on anyone or anything else
- The stem of these verbs is the S/he form
- Wiisini: S/he is eating, BUT we can’t say what
- izhinikaazo, odoodemi, onjibaa
- Feeling terms: Mino-ayaa, minwendam .. (but eniwek is not a verb)
- giigido: s/he is conversing but we can’t say with whom
- Ozhaawashkozi: S/he is colored green or blue
Sentences that use VAIs (S/he verbs)
Minwendam
Minowakiing indoonjibaa
Gakaabikaang indizhaa
Migizi na gidoodem?
S/he is happy.
I am from Milwaukee.
I am going to Minneapolis.
Is your doodem Migizi? (Clan Eagle?)
Ishkode-odaabaan Niizh (song)
- choo-choo-choo (2xs)
- Ishkode-odaabaan
- Bi-azhe-giiwe
- Izhaadaa endaayaan
- Izhaadaa endaayan
- Izhaadaa endaad
- choo-choo-choo (2xs)
- train
- s/he returns
- let’s go to MY place (yaan)
- let’s go to YOUR place (yan)
- let’s go to HIS/HER place (d)
1- endaayaan
2- endaad
3- endaayan
1- is my place
2- is his/her place
3- is your place
Izhaa
- to go to a certain place
- one has to say where with izhaa
- izhaa is a VAI or s/he verb, meaning it is already conjugated in it’s s/he form.
- izhaa means: S/he goes to ________
Here are the Anishinaabe communities in Waazhaskoonsing (Wisconsin): • izhaadaa = let’s go to: Saka’aaganing Waaswaaganing Miskwaabikaang Mashkiziibiing Waawiyegamaag Odaawaa-zaaga’iganiing
Mole Lake Lac du Flambeau Red Cliff Bad River Round Lake Lac Courte d’Orielles
(Micso note: the place name can come before or after izhaadaa)
• Miskwaabikaang izhaadaa
• Let’s go to Red Cliff!
Waawiyegamaag nindizhaa
Or Waawiyegamaag indizhaa
I am going to Round Lake
Aaniin ekidong:
Miskwaabikaang nindizhaa
How do we say?
I am going to Red Cliff.
Aaniin ekidong …
Mashki-ziibiing ina gidizhaa?
How do we say …
Are you going to Bad River?
ASKING QUESTIONS:
• ina is a verbal question mark
• na is used if the letter of the word before it ends in a vowel
• Aaniin ekidong: Are you going to Waazhashkoonsing?
- ina/na always has to be the 2nd word of the sentence
- Questions using ina/na require only a “eye” or “gaawin” answer
- unlike English, Ojibwe has no raise of ones voice when asking questions
- Wazhashkoonsing ina gidizhaa?
• Waawiyegamaag ina gidizhaa?
Are you going to Round Lake?
• Waawiyegamaag ina nindizhaa?
Aaniin ekidong - Am I going to Round Lake?
Answer these: 1- Waawiyegamaag ina gidizhaa? eya waawiyegamaag nindizhaa gaawiin waawiyegamaag nindizhaasii 2- Waawiyegamaag ina nindizhaa? eya waawiyegamaag gidizhaa gaawiin waawiyegamaag gidizhaasii
1- Are you going to Round Lake? Yes, I am going to Round Lake No, I am not going to Round Lake 2- Am I going to Round Lake? Yes, you are going to Round Lake No, you are not going to Round Lake
Talking about Wiin: S/he:
Waawiyegamaag ina izhaa?
eya waawiyegamaag izhaa
gaawiin waawiyegamaag izhaasii
Is she/he going to Round Lake?
Yes, he/she is going to Round Lake
No, he/she is not going to Round Lake
Remember izhaa is already in its s/he form
Did you ever … ?
Here’s the pattern:
Wiikaa na gigii- . . .
Aaniin ezhi-nakwetamang?
Wiikaa na PLACE gigii-izhaa?
Eya, PLACE ningii-izhaa
Gaawin wiikaa, PLACE ningii-izhaasii
Did you ever . . .
How are are we going to answer?
Did you ever go to this PLACE?
Yes, I did go to THIS PLACE
Not ever, did I go to THIS PLACE
Aaniin ezhi-nakwetamang?
1- Did s/he ever go to THIS PLACE?
Yes, s/he did go to THIS PLACE
Not ever, s/he did go to THIS PLACE
How are we going to answer?
1- Wiikaa na PLACE gii-izhaa?
Eya, PLACE gii-izhaa
Gaawiin wiikaa, PLACE gii-izhaasii
Waazhaskoonsing Ishkoniganan
Wisconsin Reservations
“Left over land”
Wiikaa na PLACE gigii-izhaa?
Eya, PLACE ningii-izhaa
Gaawiin wiikaa, PLACE ningii-izhaasii
Did you ever go to THIS PLACE?
Yes, I did go to THIS PLACE
Not ever did I go to THIS PLACE
Aaniindi/Aandi
Aaniindi ezhaayan?
Aandi ezhaayan?
PLACE nindizhaa
Where
Where are YOU going (yan)
PLACE I am going
Song Verbs (When you’re happy and you know it) 1- Babaamose 2- Bimaadage 3- Bimakozhiwe 4- Abaasandeke 5- Babaamibatoo 6- Wiisini 7- Minikwe 8- Bimishkaa 9- Zhiibii
1- S/he goes for a walk; walks about 2- S/he swims like a human 3- S/he swims like a turtle or fish 4- S/he basks in the sun 5- S/he goes for a run; runs about 6- S/he eats 7- S/he drinks 8- S/he paddles 9- S/he stretches
When you’re happy & you know it … • Giishpin minwendameg babaamoseG, babaamoseg (2xs) • Giishpin minwendameg (2xs) • Giishpin minwendameg babaamoseg, babaamoseg (Babaamose, bimaadage, bimakozhiwe, abaasandeke, babaamibatoo, wiisini, minikwe, bimishkaa, zhiibii)
When you’re happy & you know it walk about!
• these are the s/he forms of these verbs
• Adding a G to the end (like in the song) makes them a command to more than on person
• Wiisinig! = Eat! (All of you)
• Adding an N to the end makes them a command to one person: Wiisinin! = Eat! (You)
• Adding a DAA to the end makes it Let’s
Wiisinidaa! = Let’s eat!
1- Wiisinig 2- Babaamibatoog 3- Wiisinin 4- Babaamibatoon 5- Bimaadagedaa 6- Zhiibiidaa 7- Wiisinidaa
1- Eat! All of you 2- Run! All of you 3- Eat! Just you 4- Run! Just you 5- Let’s go swimming 6- Let’s stretch 7- Let’s eat
Ojibwe Question Types:
Using Ina: Using A-Words:
Ginibaa na? Aaniin ezhi-ayaayan?
Using Ina: These require Eya or Gaawiin in the answer.
These are generally formed with a complete sentence conjugation (Ni, Gi, Verb)
Using A-Words: These require more information in the answer.
These are generally formed with an incomplete sentence conjugation (Yaan, Yan, D)
A-Words …
- Aaniin Aaniin ezhinikaazoyan?
- Awenen Awenen gidoodem?
- Aaniindi or Aandi Aaniindi wenjibaayan?
- How How are you called?
- Who Who is your clan?
- Where Where are you from?
Others: Aaniin apii = when
Aaniin minik = How many
Questions about Giin (you)
- Aaniindi wenjibaayan
- Aaniin ezhinikaazoyan?
- Where is your home/where are you from
* How are you called?
Questions about Wiin (S/he)
- Aaniindi wenjibaad?
- Awenen wedoodemid?
- Aaniin ezhinikaazod?
• Where is she/he from Her home onjibaa Wisconsin • Who is her/his clan Her clan odoodeman makwa • How is she/he called Her name izhinikaazo Sara Spirits call her inaa jiibay
“Ikidog” =
All of you say ________
Aandi ________?
Giiwedinong Ningaabii’anong Waabanong Zhaawanong
Where is ________?
North West East South
(All also “in the”)
Categories in the Language- Ojibwe has 2 kinds of Nouns and 4 kinds of Verbs.
Living beings (NA Animate Nouns)
- humans • animals • trees
- most plants • tobacco • drums
- feathers
Objects (NI Inanimate Nouns)
- tables • dishes • chairs • leaves
- liquids • office equipment • books
There are 4 different types of verbs in Ojibwe:
- VAIs
- VIIs
- VTIs
- VTAs
- S/he is Verbs
- It is Verbs
- Do it to it Verbs
- Do it to him/her Verbs
VAIs:
• Describe a living being just being
• The being is not inflicting him/herself on anyone or anything else
• The stem of these verbs is the s/he form
Bimibatoo = s/he runs along
- Wiisini: S/he is eating but we can’t say what
- Mark izhinikaazo
- Makwa nindoodem
- Eau Claire onjibaa
- Feeling terms: Mino-ayaa (but eniwek is not a verb)
VIIs:
Describe non-living objects
- ozhaawashkwaa
- Minikwaajigan ate agijiadoopowining
Weather terms
• gimiwan
• mino-giizhigad
• Goonikaa
- It is blue or green
- The cup is on the table
- It is raining
- It’s a nice day
- There is snow on the ground
VIIs (It is Verbs) Time: • Niizho-diba’iganed • Naawakweg • Nitam-anokii-giizhigad Geographic Descriptions: • Oshedinaa • Mamaangaashkaa
- It is 2:00
- @ noon
- It is the first day of work
• There is a ridge/it is a ridge
• There are big waves
ipide = it speeds or flies to a certain place
VTIs (Do it to it Verbs)
Living being doing something to an object
(These are in their command form to one person
- Biidoon! = Bring it!
- Describe actions living beings have on non-living objects
Bezhig minikwaajigan indayaan
I have one cup
Miikana niwaabandaan
I see a road
Bimibatwaadan = run along with it
VTAs (Do it to him/her Verbs)
Living beings doing something to other living beings
• describe actions between living beings, animate nouns
• These are in their command form in the dictionary; in their stem form
• ininamaw= you (sing) pass (it) to him/her/them
• Do ___ to him/her/them
- Ganawenim - look after him/her/them
- Wiidookawishin - help me!
- Giga-waabamin miinawaa - I will see you again
Bimibatwaazh = run along with him/her
VERBS
1- ningiikaj
2- Gisinaa agwajiing
3- Bineshiinh ina ginoondawaa?
4- Dakisijigan ina gidnoondaan?
1- VAI I am cold
2- VII. It is really cold
3- VTA. Do you hear the bird
4- VTI. Do you hear the fridge (refrigerator)
Noondaw = hear Noondaan = hear it (or noondan per Ojibwe People’s Dictionary)
