Lesson 1 Flashcards
The knowledge of Pharmaceutical Care
Basic Dispensing
the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose
of achieving definite outcomes such as cure of the disease, elimination, and reduction of symptoms, a
resting of disease, prevention of disease, diagnosing disease and desired alteration and physiological
that improve a patient’s quality of life.
-The main goal of a pharmacist
-Necessary for health care
Pharmaceutical Care
Traditional Pharmacy:
Primary Focus -Rx Order or OTC request Continuity -Upon demand Strategy -Obey Orientation -Drug Product
Clinical Pharmacy:
Primary Focus -Physicians or other health professionals Continuity -Discontinuous Strategy -Find fault or prevention Orientation -Process
Pharmaceutical Care:
Primary Focus -PATIENT Continuity -CONTINOUS Strategy -ANTICIPATE or IMPROVE Orientation -OUTCOME
4 Primary Principle
Communication between:
Pharmacist to patient
Pharmacist to Pharmacist
Pharmacist to Nurse
Pharmacist to Physician
Communication Theory
To be professionally effective a pharmacist should be aware of:
The different messages they are sending
How these could be perceived
The messages others are sending to us
The ways in which we are interpreting these messages, which may be inaccurate.
How to ensure that communication that is tailored to the situation and support pharmacy
practice and human relationship.
Factors influencing communication:
Interviewer:
- Internal factors
- Verbal Expression
- Non Verbal Expression
- Environmental factors
Patient:
- Internal factors
- Sensory and Emotional factors
- Environmental factors
Non Verbal:
-Body postures
-Another form of non verbal communication is to use the diagrams
-This could be used in medicines labels for demonstrate how to administer
a dosage form such as eye drops
Verbal:
-It takes place using the meaning of words.
-Can be spoken or written
-Writing is less sensitive than spoken language
-As in spoken communication written materials should be carefully composed to particular
audience.
Language:
For reliable communication, it is important to use a language in which both parties are fluent and
comfortable
Can be develop using professional vocabulary as well as being familiar with the terms are important
especially in clinical pharmacy education and practice
The abb. And terms used in prescribing medicines represent a specialized type of communication,
usually inclusion to patients.
Interactive communication:
- Sending
- Receiving messages
Passive one way verbal process of traditional lecturing is an _______ ________
ineffective communication
Effective communication are essentially ______ ______ ______; both parties are actively
participating in speaking and listening, interpreting the meaning of communication.
two- way interactive process
-Important to promote good interactive communication and to obtain information
-It is important that listener maintains undivided attention and is not distracted by external or
internal matters
-Non verbal cues such as keeping eye contact can indicate the speaker attention, as can nodding
or asking questions
-If the speaker moves off the topic then it is appropriate to politely interrupt and reintroduce the
topic from the point of deviation
-When all messages have been received by the patient, it is important to emphasize and check for
correct understanding of the main points by summarizing or stating the main points.
Listening Skills
-All forms of writing require clarity and precision
-Short sentences and paragraphs, simple words and written structure, are among the most
important qualities of best writing
-Words, need to be chosen carefully with correct grammar easily legible handwriting or font,
format, and structure that are clear, accessible and effective
-Written messages require a logical structure which may be similar to the one suggested for
verbal messages earlier.
-There should be a brief and thorough introductory summary outlining the purpose of
communication
-The ideas should be presented in clear logical structures with sub- headings
-Lastly, in concluding summary, repeating the main messages should be written
Written communication
Guideline for writing medical record notes
- Used black ink
- Write clearly and legibly
- Label notes with specific descriptive headings
- Provide the data and time on te notes
- Document the facts and avoid making unsubstantiated judgments
- Organize information using SOAP ( Subjective, objective, assessment, plan ) or freestyle format
- Sign the note at the end of the notes with name and title
Communication in Professional Practice
-People interact best when they feel comfortable with their surroundings, are at ease with and
feel respected by those they are communicating with
-Hospital wards are very difficult environments for effective communication
-Clothing and presentation are also important
-A clean, pressed white coat conveys the appearance of professionalism and a link with the
medical profession.
-To communicate effectively, pharmacist must be comfortable with their role on the health care
team and confident in their unique knowledge and contributions to patient care.
-Be prepared with specific questions or facts and recommendations when initiating a patient
care- related conversation with physicians.
-Stay within the pharmacist’s area of exposure
-Choose the right time and place for the conversation
-Never interrupt a physician- patient interaction, except in a life- threatening situation.
-Do not go to an attending physician when the question or recommendation is more appropriate
for a less senior member of the medical team
-Do not interrupt teaching rounds with trivial questions and observations better communicated
one to one with individual physicians.
Pharmacist- Physician Communication
-Pharmacist and Nurse must treat one another with respect; both professionals must realize that
they share the same goal ( optimal patient care) and are on the same patient care team.
-Communication should be clear,to the point and timely.
-A barrier to an effective Pharmacist- nurse communication is the use of the telephone as the
primary means of communication.
-It is easy to be rude, either intentionally or unintentionally, during telephone conversation
Pharmacist- Nurse Communication
-Pharmacists on patient care need to update consulting pharmacists frequently
-Consulting pharmacists should be aware that the primary team may have more information that
documented in the patient record; they should not make recommendations isolation
-Continuity between shifts requires clear communication of patient information, plans for the
patient, and other patients issues
-Common communication system is the exchange of patient information during sign out rounds
or the discussion of patient specific issues and the passing on of patient monitoring forms and
other types of written documentation between the pharmacists leaving the service and the
pharmacist responsibility to patient
Pharmacist- Pharmacist communication
