Lesoon 1, 2 : Introduction To Statistics Flashcards
is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, organization, presentation, and characterization of information to assist in data analysis and in decision making process.
Statistics
The word statistics was taken from the Italian word that means
State
refers to the data gathering.
This involves acquiring of information through field questionnaires, interviews, experimentations, objective observations, tests or examinations and other forms of data generation.
Collection
is simply organizing or summarizing the given information. This can be in narrative, tabular or in graphical form.
Presentation
refers to the use of appropriate statistical methods to the given data set.
This will be the basis of obtaining necessary findings or definite information about the data.
Analysis
is the process of making conclusions based on the analyzed data set.
Interpretation
concerned in collecting data related to a topic of interest, presenting, summarizing and characterizing the set of data by means of numerical descriptors.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
concerned in analyzing and interpreting the values that resulted from the descriptive techniques and then using them to make decisions.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
It consist of the totality of the observations with which we are concerned.
It is the collection, or set of individuals, objects or measurements whose characteristics are to be analyzed.
It is considered fully defined.
It is considered fully defined when its list of elements is specified.
Population
It is a subset of a given population.
It consists of the individuals, objects or measurements selected by the sample collector from the population.
Sample
A characteristic of interest about each element of the population or sample.
Response Variable (or simply variable)
A numerical measurement describing a characteristic of a population.
Parameter
Various names for parameters are represented by Greek letters, such as the Greek letter (_____) which denotes the population mean
mu
A planned activity whose results yield a set of data.
Experiment
These refer to the value of the response variable associated with the element of a population or sample.
These may also refer to the set of values collected belonging to the sample.
Data
are those that can only assume values that manifest the concept of attributes.
No computations can be done in this kind of data since they cannot be added, subtracted, multiplied or divided. Common examples of these kinds of data are gender, marital status and nationality.
Qualitative data
are those that are numerical in nature.
Data obtained by counting or measuring are good examples of quantitative data. Furthermore, basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can be used in this kind of data. Particular examples are test scores, height and weight.
Quantitative data
are variables can take on a finite number of distinct values. Examples are
Discrete Random Variables
are random variables that take an interminably uncountable number of potential values, regularly measurable amounts.
Continuous Random Variables
Examples of discrete random variables
number of heads acquired while flipping a coin three times,
the number of kin an individual has,
the number of students present in a study hall at a given time, and so forth.
Example of continuous random variables
the height or weight of an individual,
the time an individual takes for an individual to wash,
time,
temperature,
item thickness,
length,
age, etc.
A variable whose values depend on the outcomes of an experiment
Denoted with a capital letter
It can be discrete or continuous
Random Variable
variables that are resulted from an experiment by chance
Random Variables
