lesiure Flashcards
Play what is it
Play: Activities in which one engages
freely and from which one derives personal
satisfaction.
* Other definitions imply a lack of formal
organization that is implicit of play (know this).
Define Play
Play is universal across cultures and
species.
Implications are that there is a biological
purpose to develop kinesthetic awareness.
Studies have even found traces of a “play
center” in the brain.
Play provides stability and a process of
learning.
Factors that motivate play
desire to belong
undergo new experiences
to achieve recognition
to express ones self
Biological, Psychological, Sociological, and Cultural Interpretations of Play
1.The young play across species because
they are impelled to play by certain
biological traits.
2. Psychological Interpretations of Play
Erikson and Piaget (theorist) believed that play is
essential for the establishment of self and that
play is critical to certain stages of development
(especially for children)
3. Sociological Interpretations of Play
Joseph Lee: need to belong can be filled
through play through “membership” in a
group.
George Mead: believed that play is second
only to language in the development of the
social self
4.Cultural Interpretations of Play
Culture considers the relationship of play to the
customs of a given society
Forms of play have permeated almost all human
activities since the dawn of civilization and that
play has helped humankind create society
Three things that affect the cultural aspect of play
Quality of time
Peer pressure
Social norms
Define pluralism, race, multiracial, ethnicity, minority, cultural, assimilation, accommodation, diversity, cultural diversity, stigma, global village. So, what
- Pluralism
condition of a society in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups co-exist within one nation - Race
group of people having genetically transmitted characteristics - Multiracial
more than one race - Ethnicity
socially transmitted membership in a group sharing a common ancestral heritage
biological, cultural, social, and psychological domains of life - Minority
smaller or fewer in number
A person may be a minority in one setting and not another - Culture
pattern of beliefs, values, and behaviors that is socially transmitted from generation to generation through the spoken and written word, the use of
certain objects, customs and traditions learned behavior
Entering a new culture - Assimilation
the process by which individuals absorb, learn, acquire, and integrate the overt and covert cultural characteristics of the
host culture assimilation - Accommodation
groups accept what fits comfortably or meets a need, while resisting aspects of
the culture that cause discomfort - Diversity
difference; Variety - Cultural diversity
differences among cultures
how differences must be viewed if understanding is to be accomplished - Stigma
an attitude by others that the individual is marked, tainted, or discounted (scars, tattoos, addictions) - Global Village – Technological
interactions make an understanding of cultures and customs more important - What does ethnicity really mean for programming
When working with an ethnicity you are unfamiliar with: don’t impose your beliefs, find someone who can educate you.
Be aware of individuals in your program that might come from different backgrounds
Try to bring diversity to your programs - So what?
Know your biases
Know your participants
Know your community
Examine your language
families (what is a family?)
Single family home, Step parents
Same sex couples
home (where is home?)
Country of origin
Young Adulthood
Young adulthood is the period between 20
and 40 years of age
it is a period of settling down as opposed to
growing up and is characterized by striving in the
areas of career, marriage, and family.
Middle Adulthood
Period between 40 and 60 years of age
A time for recognizing and accepting the end of
youth, for easing up in the struggle for
achievement and for learning techniques for
healthy aging.
Body starts to show signs of aging
Older Adulthood
Begins at 60 years of age
A time for retirement planning, relaxing, reflection
on achievements and developing new interests
and pursuits.
Many seniors benefit from attending programs in
leisure education and preretirement planning.
Personality type is a strong influence on seniors’
attitudes toward recreation and leisure
Adulthood and the Elderly
Life expectancy in the U.S. today averages
about 75 years compared with 50 years at the
beginning of this century. It could extend into
the mid 90’s by the middle of the 21st century.
Changes in the Elderly
heart muscle becomes less efficient
blood vessels lose some of their elasticity
bones tend to shrink in size and density
Memory tends to becomes less efficient
Skin appears thinner and more translucent
Reduction in the total amount of muscle in
the body.
Recreation Barriers of the Elderly
Transportation
Money
Lack of previous involvement
Lack of companionship
Where do jobs exist?
Long term care facilities
Retirement villages
Travel and tourism support Rehabilitation programs
Adult day care
Improving Leisure Options for Marginalized Persons
Recreation programs should be based on the
behaviors and constraints of the potential
participants.
Example: economically disadvantaged or older
adults that can’t come to a recreation site:
recreation professionals should reach out to them.
