Lesions Flashcards
all lesions in the nuclei in the brainstem will produce ___ deficits
ipsilateral
motor deficits related to what are always LMN
cranial nerve motor nuclei or cranial nerves that have a motor component
all reflexes that are ___ will always be ___ to the lesion
abolished
ipsilateral
all UMN above the spinal cord are always ___
contralateral
all LMN and UMN deficits in the spinal cord are always
ipsilateral to the lesion
all deficits due to lesions in peripheral nerves including cranial nerves are all __
ipsilateral
all cerebellar/vestibular/vestibulospinal deficits are always
ipsilateral
the only UMN problems you can have related to cranial nerves are contralateral lower face if _____ and contralateral tongue if ___
lesion is above pons
lesion is above open medulla
only 3 places can cause both eyes to deviate
- FEF in cortex (MCA); eyes will deviate towards lesion and away from body paralysis
- internal capsule; eyes will deviate towards lesion and away from body paralysis
- pons PPRF; eyes deviate away from lesion and towards body paralysis
only location that can give you apraxia
cortex
NOT bs or spinal cord
LMN problems can never give you
spasticity/hypertonia
LMN always present with
hypotonia
UMN problems almost always present with
spasticity/hypertonia
exceptions in UMN lesions
acute cerebral shock or very large lesions can cause hypotonia
only way to abolish/impair a reflex
- lesion in sensory nerve that brings the stimulus
- lesion in motor nerve nuclei going to the muscle that performs the reflex
- lesion the motor nucleus of the muscles that perform the reflex
if a pathway is lesioned …
UMN s/s
if a nucleus is lesioned …
ipsilateral LMN s/s
corticobulbar lesion above pons (midbrain)
upper face: no s/s bc bilateral
lower face: contralateral UMN s/s
tongue: contralateral UMN s/s
corticobulbar lesion IN pons
upper and lower face: ipsilateral LMN
tongue: contralateral UMN s/s
corticobulbar lesion in medulla
tongue: ipsilateral LMN s/s
no UMN deficits
corticobulbar tracts innervate nuclei bilaterally expect for
facial in pons for lower face
hypoglossal
trigeminothalamaic tract lesion
in/below medulla: ipsilateral
crosses right above medulla and is going up
in pons: contralateral pain and temp
spinal trigeminal nucleus lesion
in medulla: ipsilateral temp sensation
