Lesions

Question 1

all lesions in the nuclei in the brainstem will produce ___ deficits

Answer 1

ipsilateral

Question 2

motor deficits related to what are always LMN

Answer 2

cranial nerve motor nuclei or cranial nerves that have a motor component

Question 3

all reflexes that are ___ will always be ___ to the lesion

Answer 3

abolished

ipsilateral

Question 4

all UMN above the spinal cord are always ___

Answer 4

contralateral

Question 5

all LMN and UMN deficits in the spinal cord are always

Answer 5

ipsilateral to the lesion

Question 6

all deficits due to lesions in peripheral nerves including cranial nerves are all __

Answer 6

ipsilateral

Question 7

all cerebellar/vestibular/vestibulospinal deficits are always

Answer 7

ipsilateral

Question 8

the only UMN problems you can have related to cranial nerves are contralateral lower face if _____ and contralateral tongue if ___

Answer 8

lesion is above pons

lesion is above open medulla

Question 9

only 3 places can cause both eyes to deviate

Answer 9

1. FEF in cortex (MCA); eyes will deviate towards lesion and away from body paralysis
2. internal capsule; eyes will deviate towards lesion and away from body paralysis
3. pons PPRF; eyes deviate away from lesion and towards body paralysis

Question 10

only location that can give you apraxia

Answer 10

cortex

NOT bs or spinal cord

Question 11

LMN problems can never give you

Answer 11

spasticity/hypertonia

Question 12

LMN always present with

Answer 12

hypotonia

Question 13

UMN problems almost always present with

Answer 13

spasticity/hypertonia

Question 14

exceptions in UMN lesions

Answer 14

acute cerebral shock or very large lesions can cause hypotonia

Question 15

only way to abolish/impair a reflex

Answer 15

• lesion in sensory nerve that brings the stimulus
• lesion in motor nerve nuclei going to the muscle that performs the reflex
• lesion the motor nucleus of the muscles that perform the reflex

Question 16

if a pathway is lesioned …

Answer 16

UMN s/s

Question 17

if a nucleus is lesioned …

Answer 17

ipsilateral LMN s/s

Question 18

corticobulbar lesion above pons (midbrain)

Answer 18

upper face: no s/s bc bilateral
lower face: contralateral UMN s/s
tongue: contralateral UMN s/s

Question 19

corticobulbar lesion IN pons

Answer 19

upper and lower face: ipsilateral LMN

tongue: contralateral UMN s/s

Question 20

corticobulbar lesion in medulla

Answer 20

tongue: ipsilateral LMN s/s

no UMN deficits

Question 21

corticobulbar tracts innervate nuclei bilaterally expect for

Answer 21

facial in pons for lower face

hypoglossal

Question 22

trigeminothalamaic tract lesion

Answer 22

in/below medulla: ipsilateral
crosses right above medulla and is going up
in pons: contralateral pain and temp

Question 23

spinal trigeminal nucleus lesion

Answer 23

in medulla: ipsilateral temp sensation