Les divisions cellulaires Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions in eukaryotes?

A

Les divisions sont des divisions mitotiques et méiotiques.

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2
Q

What is a chromatide?

A

1 paire de chromosomes doubles = 1 chromatide.

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3
Q

What are the components of nucleotides?

A

Base azotée + désoxyribose + groupement phosphate.

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4
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases?

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Adénine, Thymine.

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5
Q

How do all eukaryotic cells originate?

A

Toutes les e sont issues d’une œuf par divisions cellulaires successives.

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6
Q

When are chromosomes visible?

A

Les chromosomes sont visibles uniquement au moment de la division cellulaire.

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7
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

Les chromosomes sont invisibles (ADN décondensé) et se préparent pour la réplication.

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8
Q

What is the quantity of DNA at G1 phase?

A

Quantité d’ADN à 2n.

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9
Q

What is the quantity of DNA during mitosis?

A

Quantité d’ADN à 1n.

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10
Q

What is the outcome of mitosis?

A

Donne 2 x filles identiques.

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11
Q

What is the outcome of meiosis?

A

Forme les gamètes.

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12
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

Contiennent 2 exemplaires de chaque chromosome (2n).

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13
Q

What are haploid cells?

A

Contiennent un seul exemplaire de chaque chromosome (1n).

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14
Q

Combien de phases de division cellulaire chez l’humain?

A

4 phases

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15
Q

Combien de chromosomes à la fin de la division cellulaire chez l’humain?

A

23 chromosomes

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16
Q

Combien de paires de chromosomes au début de la division cellulaire chez l’humain?

A

23 paires de chromosomes

17
Q

Combien de possibilités de gamètes pour un humain?

A

223 possibilités de gamètes

18
Q

Quelle est la phase S?

A

Néplication de l’ADN indispensable à la division

19
Q

Quel est le rôle de l’ADN polymérase?

A

Écarte les 2 brins d’ADN pour insérer de nouveaux nucléotides

20
Q

Quel type de réplication est la réplication semi-conservative?

A

1 brin est conservé, 1 brin est fabriqué à partir de nouveaux nucléotides

21
Q

Qui a proposé le modèle de réplication semi-conservative?

A

Meselson et Stahl en 1958