les 8 Flashcards
Precautions designed to reduce the risk of
blood-borne pathogen transmission in healthcare settings
Universal precautions:
Procedure effectively killing all microbial life on surfaces
Sterilization
Agent intended to destroy all microorganisms on surface
Sterilant
Precautions applied to all patients to reduce
the risk of microorganism transmission in healthcare settings
Standard precautions
Container approved for containing and transporting
contaminated sharps
- Sharps container
Maximum exposure allowed to a
hazardous substance at one time
- Short-term exposure limit
Vessel containing a specimen in transit if the
primary container breaks or leaks.
- Secondary container:
Blood, OPIM, contaminated sharps, or other items
containing blood or OPIMs.
- Regulated waste:
Infectious abnormal host proteins causing transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies, resistant to standard disinfection and
sterilization.
Prions
Vessel containing a specimen, including its
closure.
Primary container:
Maximum allowed exposure to a
hazardous substance during a specified period
Permissible exposure limit (PEL):
Specialized clothing or
equipment worn for protection against hazards
Personal protective equipment (PPE):
Piercing mucous membranes or skin, such as through
needlesticks.
Parenteral
Human body fluids and
tissues potentially containing pathogens causing communicable
disease.
Other potentially infectious material (OPIM)
Reasonably anticipated contact with a hazard
during the performance of an employee’s duties.
Occupational exposure:
Detailed information about
hazards and protective measures regarding hazardous chemical
substances
Material safety data sheet (MSDS):
Trade organization governing international aviation and publishing Dangerous Goods Regulations for handling dangerous goods
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Allergic reactions associated with latex glove use,
including contact dermatitis or immunoglobulin E/histamine-mediated allergy.
Latex allergy
: An agent killing pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces
Germicide
Waste containing pathogens of sufficient virulence
to cause communicable disease upon exposure
- Infectious waste:
Controls isolating or removing hazards from the
workplace, such as sharps disposal containers or self-sheathing
needles
- Engineering controls
An agent intended to destroy microorganisms on
inanimate surfaces, but not necessarily their spores
Disinfectant
The process of killing pathogenic microorganisms,
excluding spores, typically on surfaces
Disinfection
A procedure eliminating or reducing microbial or
toxic agents to a safe level regarding transmission of infection or
adverse effects
Decontamination
An infectious substance not meeting Category
A criteria, generally including patient or clinical specimens reasonably
expected to contain a pathogen
Category B substance:
: Any substance causing visible destruction of human tissue
upon contact, typically highly acidic or alkaline
Corrosive
Describes the presence or anticipated presence of
blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.
Contaminated
The airborne concentration of a substance that cannot be exceeded at any time during the workday
Ceiling limit:
A substance capable of causing malignant tumors in humans or animals
Carcinogen
An infectious substance or microorganism
transported in a form capable of causing permanent disability, lifethreatening, or fatal disease in healthy humans or animals
- Category A substance:
The spread of infection by inhalation of
droplet nuclei containing an infectious agent
Airborne transmission:
Pathogenic microorganisms present in
human blood that can cause disease in humans
Blood-borne pathogens:
A system of respirable particles dispersed in a gas, smoke, or fog that can be retained in the lungs
Aerosol
