Leptospirosis 30% Flashcards
what is lepto
Leptospirosis is caused by the filamentous, gram negative, motile spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. The genus has at least 16 species classified based on genetic relatedness. There are over 200 serovars of L. interrogans that are classified into antigenically-related serogroups.
who gets lepto
The most common serovars: canicola (dog), cterohaemorrhagiae (rat), grippotyphosa (raccoon, marsupials), pomona (cow, pig), hardjo (cow), bratislava (rat, horse) autumnalis (mouse).
spread of lepto
Leptospira organisms prefer warm, moist, alkaline environments. They are more likely to be found in stagnant or slow moving water. Environmental flooding can saturate the soils with organisms, prevent evaporation of contaminating animal urine, and prolong survival of organisms in surface water. Leptospira spp. can remain viable for months in moist environments under optimal conditions, although they do not replicate outside of the host. Peak incidence in dogs occurs July through November and often follows periods of heavy rainfall or flooding.
transmission of lepto
Animals can become infected with leptospires through contact with infected urine, via venereal or placental transfer, through bite wounds, or ingestion of infected tissues. Indirect transmission can occur through exposure of animals to water sources, soil, food, or bedding that is contaminated with infected urine or other tissues. Leptospires can penetrate mucous membranes, wet or macerated skin, or broken skin.
diagnosis of lepto
Mat test- titers, ELISA
zoonotic lepto
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease. Veterinarians, farmers, animal caretakers, and sewer system workers are at increased risk of exposure. Exposure can also occur through recreational activities such as boating, freshwater swimming, and hunting. Immunocompromised people and children are at greater risk for infection.1 People have contracted leptospirosis in urban areas from exposure to infected rodent urine.
