Lent term test Flashcards
1
Q
Leonardo Da Vinci
A
1452-1519
Italian artist and inventor
Produced many aircraft designs resembling flapping wings
Never built designs, wings were too heavy to operate
2
Q
Montgolfier Brothers
A
- Built a hot air balloon in 1783
- Late 1783 saw first living creatures to be artificially airborne
- 1783 also gave first free flight
- Hydrogen filled balloon by J Charles superseded the Montgolfier balloon
3
Q
Why balloons fly
A
- Displaces own volume of air causing upthrust
- Hydrogen and helium are less dense than air
- Balloon ascends, atmospheric pressure falls and balloon expands
- Gas is released or expands in spare envelope space
4
Q
Airships
A
- Large air crafts filled with hydrogen
- Able to carry lots of cargo and people
- Extremely dangerous
- 1937- Hindenburg incident
- Airships no longer used as much
5
Q
How airships are controlled
A
- Two ballonets in the main balloon
- Ballonets maintain pressure in balloon
- Prevents balloon overinflating or sagging
- Ballonets release air to ascend
- Air pumped into ballonets to descend
6
Q
Sir George Cayley
A
- Built first model glider- 1804
- It was a broomstick with a kite shaped wing at one end and vertical and horizontal tail surfaces at the other attached
- It was capable of stable flight over many metres
- Confirmed heavier-than-air flight was possible
7
Q
Hand-gliding
A
- Failure to develop light enough engine for flight
- Instead focus was put on improving airframe design
- Otto Lilienthal - built lightweight gliders
- Made many thousands of flights
- Built so mass could be moved for some control
8
Q
Wright brothers
A
- 1903- Orville and Wilbur Wright’s ‘Flyer’ had first test flight
- First time man was airborne and in control of a powered heavier-than-air flight
- By end of 1908, Wilbur Wright made over 100 flights
- Orville Wright demonstrated the Flyer to the public
9
Q
Louis Bleriot
A
- 1909- crosses the English Channel by heavier-than-air craft
- Bleriot’s aircrafts were also the first:
- Over the Alps (1910)
- Non-stop trop from London to Paris (1911)
- Airmail carriage in Britain (1911)
- Use of aeroplane in war (1911)
10
Q
WW1
A
- War increased development of aeroplanes and engines
- Development of more sophisticated gun technology
- The SE5a - one of the most popular British fighters
- Bombing was limited with little military effect
11
Q
Post- WW1
A
- 1919- converted Vickers Vimy bomber made first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic by Alcock and Brown
- 1930 - Amy Johnson made first solo flight from England to Australia in a Gipsy Moth
- The Tiger Moth- the Royal Air Force’s trainer in the World War Two
12
Q
WW2
A
- 1939- war caused further technological development in aircrafts
- 1944- Germany launched the V-1 (‘Doodle Bug’ or ‘Flying Bomb’)
- Gloster Meteor entered service one month later to destroy V-1s
- Germany used rocket-powered Messerschmitt Komet fighters to intercept enemy bombers
13
Q
Jets
A
- Jets inspired ideas such as jet passenger services, supersonic flight, and vertical take-off and landing
- World’s first jet airliner- de Havilland Comet 1
- Pressurised cabin allowed for flight in all weather conditions
- Most successful aircraft of jet airliners was the Boeing 707
14
Q
Concorder and Boeing
A
- Concorde was supersonic transport- flew at twice the speed of sound
- Only served two airlines, British Airways and Air France
- Retired in 2003
- Boeing planned for a huge airliner with 400 seats
- 747 made international travel an almost commonplace experience
15
Q
Before the RAF
A
- The first Air Force was the Royal Balloon School
- 13th March 1912: Royal Flying Corps is formed
- July 1914: Navy Wing splits and forms Royal Naval Air Service
16
Q
Formation of the RAF
A
- 1st April 1918: the amalgamation of the RFC and RNAS formed the Royal Air Force
- Lord Trenchard is appointed as the Chief of Air Staff
17
Q
The Role of the RAF in WW2 and the Falklands War
A
- July-September 1940: the RAF along with the FAA (Fleet Air Arm) of the Royal Navy defeat the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain
- The Falklands War lasted from 2nd April 1982-14th June 1982. RAF aircrafts flew many people and many tons of freight to Ascension Islands and then to the Falklands/South Georgia
18
Q
LEARN THE RANKS
A
19
Q
Air Cadet Organisation
A
- Encompasses all Air Cadet activities
- This includes: Air Training Corps (ATC), Combined Cadet Force (CCF), Volunteer Gliding Squadrons, Air Experience Flights (AEF) and Air Cadet Adventure Training Camps
- ACO is based in RAFC Cranwell, Lincolnshire
- It is part of no.22 (training) group
20
Q
The Air Training Corps (ATC)
A
- Formed 5th February 1941
- Aim to promote and encourage an interest in aviation and the Royal Air Force, to provide training useful in the Services and civilian life
- 1952: Prince Philip became Air Commodore-in-Chief
21
Q
ATC Gliding
A
Cadet gliding badges:
- Gliding (Scholarship) wings - Blue
- Gliding (Scholarship) Solo Wings - Silver
- AGT wings - gold
22
Q
ATC Gliding
A
Gliding history
- 1943: Dagling Open Glider introduced
- 1950: Sedbergh Side-by-Side Glider introduced
- 1977: Venture Motorised Glider
- 1984: Grob Viking Unpowered Glider
- 1990: Vigilant Motorised Glider
23
Q
Launching a Glider
A
3 stages to launch a winch glider (Viking)
- ‘All clear above and behind’
When the glider is ready and safe to launch, the pilot and wing tip holder check above and behind the glider to ensure there are no hazards - ‘Take up slack’
The pilot indicates with one finder and gives the command ‘Take up slack’, so the signaller passes this on to the winch driver using lamp signals or large bats. The winch driver pulls slack out of the cable - ‘All out’
When the pilot is satisfied that the slack has been taken up, the order ‘All out’ is given, which the signaller passes on to the winch driver. The winch speeds up and the glider begins ground ride and launch the wing tip holder holding the wings level to begin with
24
Q
Air Experience Flying (AEF)
A
The Grob Tutor is a single engined, low winged monoplane with fixed undercarriage
Wingspan: 10.0m
Length: 7.6m
Height: 2.8m
Max Weight: 990kg
Engine: 180hp
Max Speed: 185Kts
25
Airfields
Features of airfields:
- ORPs: Operational Readiness Platforms - parking aircraft for rapid take-off or final flight preparation
- Dispersal Hardstandings: makes it harder for enemy aircraft to damage/destroy aircrafts in an attack. Some airfields have Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HAS) - which are made of reinforced concrete
26
Features of airfields continued
- Taxiways connect all parts of the aircraft manoeuvring areas. Taxiway markings are in yellow
- The centre line is indicated by a solid or broken yellow line. The edge marking is usually dashed yellow lines where there is little contrast between the taxiway & surrounding area
- The holding position in a taxiway junction where aircrafts stop until they are cleared to move. It is usually 70m away from the edge of the runway
- Lights on the edge of taxiway lights are blue (less than 18m wide), and the centreline lights are green (more than 18m wide)
27
Airfields additional information
- Each Airfield is identified by means of 2 letters. These letters are normally displayed in a 'Signals Square' close to the ATC Tower. At Airfields with ID Beacons, the same letters are used by the beacon- flashing them in Morse code in red light
- All high buildings are marked by red obstruction lights
28
Magnetic Variation
- Magnetic Variation is the angular difference between true north and magnetic north, and is different across the world
- True North is the geographical pole
- Grid North is the direction all Ordinance Survey Maps are orientated
- Magnetic North is where the compass points
- To help, magnetic variation is always displayed on the bottom right of a Map
29
The Silva Compass features
Base Plate: displays information e.g. scale, rulers
Orienting/Meridian Lines: within the housing, they are designed to be parallel to the Eastings on a map
Compass housing: gives compass points on a rotating bezel
Scale Indicators: used with the scale at the bottom of the map to calculate distance on the ground
Index Line: a fixed mark in line with the direction of travel arrow, showing the bearing set
Magnetic Needle: red and white needle points to Magnetic North and is suspended in liquid
30
Orientate Your Map
When using a map the first thing to do is to set the map with your surroundings, using identifiable features
If you cannot set the map using observable features you can set it with your compass
Put the compass on the map and align the North-South grid lines
Turn map & compass together until the needle falls inside the orienting arrow- red end pointing North
31
Compass Bearings- Map to Ground Bearings
Place the Compass on the Map with the direction of travel arrow pointing in the direction you wish to go.
Turn the Compass Housing until the 'N' is pointing to North on your map
Read the Compass Bearing shown on the Index Line
Hold your compass level and steady
Turn the whole compass until the red end of the needle is in line with the 'N' on the housing
The direction of travel arrow will face the route you plotted on the map
32
Map details
Map scales are displayed as a ratio, e.g. 1:50 000 means 1cm to 50 000cm, or 500m
The main OS Map we will use is the Series M726
The M726 is a Topographical map- these maps give geographical locations of natural and man-made features and show contours of the land
