Lenin And The Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Red Guard and who was it created by?

A

Bolshevik militia, Trotsky

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2
Q

Who were the Reds?

A

The Bolsheviks and their supporters

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3
Q

Who were the whites?

A

Monarchists and other outlawed parties

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4
Q

Who were the greens?

A

National minorities struggling for independence

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5
Q

What were the causes of the Civil War?

A

Bolsheviks banning and silencing other parties, Lenin’s seizure of power was similar to a Tsarist regime, SRs who won the public mandate had little control, some saw the retreat from the war as shameful, food shortages and extremism.

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6
Q

What were the Red’s strengths?

A

Controlled a concentrated area of central Russia, controlled Moscow and Petrograd, control over railway, control over industry, organisation skills of Trotsky. White’s reliance on foreign supplies allowed the Reds to be champions of Russia.

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7
Q

What were some of the Red’s main tactics?

A

Brutality: offered enemy troops enlistment or execution
White terror was used as propaganda.
High morale due to leadership by Trotsky.

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8
Q

What were some of the White’s weaknesses?

A

Lack of leadership, lack of common purposes with divided opinions. Internal disputes.

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9
Q

What was war communism?

A

Aimed to abolish private trade, control labour, nationalise large scale industry, replace money system with state rationing.

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10
Q

What was the grain monopoly?

A

All the peasants harvest’s surplus became state property, armed brigades were sent to requisition the grain, when no grain was found they assumed it was being hidden by “Kulaks”, peasants were tortured and beaten until the required amount was given.

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11
Q

What impact did war communism have on other areas?

A

Industry output halved from 1913 to 1921.
There was a famine in 1921, it was used as an opportunity to destroy the orthodox church, with priests being shot in 1922

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12
Q

What was the NEP?

A

The New Economic Policy: relaxation of central economic control, abandonment of grain requisitioning to be replaced by tax, peasants could keep for surpluses and sell them for profit, public markets restored.

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13
Q

What was the main problem with the NEP for Bolsheviks?

A

Went against communist ideology as it allowed some capitalist ideas.

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14
Q

Was the NEP economically successful?

A

Yes, it increased the wages, grain harvests, electricity and the value of factory outputs by nearly 50%, Nepmen benefitted as well.

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15
Q

What and when was the Kronstadt rising?

A

1921: caused by inequality between the sailors and the Bs, and the bread and food rationing. Demanded equal rations, freedom for peasants, speech, press and food. 15,000 (may have risen to 50,000) soldiers met in anchor square to declare revolution. Gov holds their families hostage.

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16
Q

What was the Tambov rising?

A

1919: In response to war communism/ grain requisitioning, peasants attacked requisition squads. They hunted down Red sympathisers and executed them, had an army of 20,000, were defeated by the Reds who reciprocated the acts performed on their squads (house burnt, families taken hostage).

17
Q

What was the 10th party Congress?

A

1921: ban on factions within the Bolshevik party by Lenin, laid foundation for the NEP

18
Q

How did Lenin prevent internal conflict?

A

He banned factionalism in the Bolshevik party?

19
Q

How much of the population was lost due to famine between 1918-1920?

A

Half the population of industrial north cities due to food shortages

20
Q

When and how many people died of famine due to grain requisitioning?

A

1921: 5 million

21
Q

When did Lenin die?

A

1924

22
Q

What was the constituent assembly?

A

1917-1918: did not produce a democratically elected gov., SRs won public vote and therefore we’re supposedly meant to have more power but the CA was disbanded by the Bs. (An elected body established by prov gov. to create a new gov. after the fall if the Tsar)

23
Q

How long did the civil war last?

A

November 1917- October 1922