Lek

Question 1

The World Health Organization is an international organization with broad powers focused on health issues including:
1) fight against malaria;
2) fight against tuberculosis;
3) valid eradication of smallpox;
4) quality testing of biological and pharmacological preparations;
5) fight against diarrhoea.
The correct answer is:
A. 1,2,3.
B. 1,2,3,5.
C. 1,3,4,5.
D. 2,3,4,5.
E. all the above.

Answer 1

E. all the above.

Question 2

In a given national population the body mass of women aged 19-25 shows a normal distribution and amounts to an average of 55 kg. The standard deviation is 5.5 kg. How many women are there in this population that weigh less than 49.5 kg?
A. 5%.
B. 10%.
C. 15%.
D. 16%.
E. 32%.

Answer 2

D. 16%.

Question 3

Significant improvement in health and wellbeing of the population. Reducing inequalities in access to health care. Strengthening the position of public health. Provision of patient- orientated healthcare systems which are common, equal, stable and of high quality. Those constitute the strategic framework of EU regional policy for public health, a framework which was prepared by:
A. the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) in the form of The Agency for Public Health Education Accreditation.
B. the World Health Organization in the form of The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
C. the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in the form of the document entitled “Health 2020. The European policy framework supporting action across government and society to promote health and wellbeing”.
D. the European Public Health Association (EUPHA).
E. the Council of the European Union in the document of 1992 entitled “The Treaty on European Union” signed in Maastricht..

Answer 3

C. the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in the form of the document entitled “Health 2020. The European policy framework supporting action across government and society to promote health and wellbeing”.

Question 4

A patient of Polish nationality born in 1973 and suffering from high fever, dry cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis and photophobia reports to the doctor office. The doctor finds Koplik’s spots on the buccal mucosa and individual spots and papules on the hairline behind the ears. According to the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases in humans the doctor is obliged to:
A. report suspected infectious disease within 48 hours to the state county sanitary inspector relevant for the place of suspicion.
B. report suspected infectious disease within 24 hours to the state county sanitary inspector relevant for the place of suspicion.
C. refer the patient to the periodontist for consultation.
D. ask the patient if he has travelled abroad lately or had contact with measles.
E. ask the patient if he suffered from measles in his childhood.

Answer 4

B. report suspected infectious disease within 24 hours to the state county sanitary inspector relevant for the place of suspicion.

Question 5

The recommendation 179/2014 of 28 July 2014 issued by the President of Agency for Health Technology Assessment qualifying the medical service “treatment of coronary vessels with a drug-releasing balloon” as a guaranteed benefit is an example of the use of:
A. health technology assessment.
B. technology security analysis.
C. technology clinical effectiveness analysis.
D. economic analysis (technology cost effectiveness). E. analysis of alternative solutions for technology.

Answer 5

A. health technology assessment.

Question 6

In cost benefit analysis (comparison of two interventions that have different health effects) the most commonly used measure to compare the health effects is:
A. fatality.
B. QALY.
C. VOLY.
D. DALY.
E. HYE.

Answer 6

B. QALY.

Question 7

According to the World Health Organization infections associated with health care occur in about:
A. 10 out of 100 hospitalized patients.
B. 15 out of 100 hospitalized patients.
C. 20 out of 100 hospitalized patients.
D. 25 out of 100 hospitalized patients.
E. 30 out of 100 hospitalized patients.

Answer 7

A. 10 out of 100 hospitalized patients.

Question 8

The Haddon matrix should be used for analyzing the factors which prevent:
A. cardiovascular diseases.
B. children’s injuries resulting from falls in the playground.
C. locomotor organ diseases.
D. drinking water contamination.
E. indoor air pollution.

Answer 8

B. children’s injuries resulting from falls in the playground.

Question 9

The first clear legal basis for EU activities in public health is The Treaty of:
A. Lisbon.
B. Amsterdam.
C. Nice.
D. Maastricht.
E. Rome.

Answer 9

D. Maastricht.

Question 10

According to the Cochran review of January 2019, GP health reviews for people under 65 (medical history, physical examinations, screening for several diseases at once, behavioral interventions) have little or no impact on the reduction in mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Such reviews are an example of:
A. analysis of alternative solutions for technology.
B. technology cost-effectiveness analysis.
C. technology safety analysis.
D. health technology assessment.
E. health needs analysis.

Answer 10

B. technology cost-effectiveness analysis.

Question 11

The chief executive of a hospital decided to conduct a study on the experiences of patients, i.e. the feelings of patients and their families or caregivers that arise from the medical care at the hospital. Quantitative studies suitable for measuring patient experiences are:
A. polls.
B. focus group interviews.
C. individual in-depth interviews.
D. case study.
E. observation.

Answer 11

A. polls.

Question 12

The main cause of death of the elderly (65+) in Poland is associated with:
A. infectious diseases.
B. neoplasms (cancers).
C. cardiovascular diseases.
D. nervous system diseases.
E. hearing organ diseases.

Answer 12

C. cardiovascular diseases.

Question 13

The Health Beliefs Model explains:
A. distress.
B. incidence.
C. health hazard.
D. probability of taking a recommended health action.
E. remission.

Answer 13

D. probability of taking a recommended health action.

Question 14

Epidemiology as a science deals with the assessment of:
A. occurrence of health phenomena.
B. conditioning of health phenomena.
C. effectiveness of interventions.
D. A and B are correct.
E. A, B and C are correct.

Answer 14

E. A, B and C are correct.

Question 15

It was proved in an experimental study in 2013 that surgical masks are about 3 times more effective in filtering exhaled air (for Bacillus atrophaeus and MS2 bacteriophage) than homemade masks made of T-shirts, scarves or pillowcases. Despite that, homemade masks seem to be better than not having any protection against airborne diseases and can be used for:
A. immunization of people susceptible to infection.
B. neutralizing the source of infection.
C. cutting the transmission pathways of infection.
D. general epidemiological surveillance.
E. identification of the epidemiological chain.

Answer 15

C. cutting the transmission pathways of infection.

Question 16

Which of the following risk factors are conducive to injuries and accidents (especially traffic ones)?
1) drugs;
2) alcohol abuse;
3) dangerous car driving;
4) failure to use seatbelts;
5) low physical activity. The correct answer is:

A. 1,2,3.
B. 1,2,3,4.
C. 1,3,4,5.
D. 2,3,4,5.
E. all the above.

Answer 16

B. 1,2,3,4.

Question 17

Which of the following takes care of occupational health protection according to the Act of 1997 on occupational medicine service?
A. public health care facilities created and maintained to perform prophylactic occupational health care.
B. health care facilities created and maintained by employers and other entities if prophylactic occupational health care is their statutory task.
C. doctors practicing individually.
D. provincial and inter-provincial centers of occupational medicine. E. all the above.

Answer 17

E. all the above.

Question 18

A potential relationship between a given disease and a given exposure, expressed by odds ratio, is possible to assess using an analysis of data provided by epidemiological study performed according to the scheme of:
A. cross-sectional study.
B. case-control study.
C. ecological study.
D. correlational study.
E. descriptive study.

Answer 18

B. case-control study.

Question 19

Hospital accreditation is:
A. compulsory quality system, regulated by law.
B. voluntary quality system, implemented as total quality management.
C. voluntary quality system based on available and published standards.
D. voluntary network of hospitals promoting health.
E. compulsory integrated quality system.

Answer 19

C. voluntary quality system based on available and published standards.

Question 20

Which of the following measures are necessary in order to reduce morbidity and premature mortality due to cardiovascular diseases?
1) improving nutrition;
2) reducing incidence of diabetes;
3) increasing physical activity;
4) reducing smoking and alcohol consumption;
5) fighting hypertension and atrial fibrillation.
The correct answer is:
A. 1,2,3.
B. 1,2,3,5.
C. 1,3,4,5.
D. 2,3,4,5.
E. all the above.

Answer 20

E. all the above.

Question 21

A biomarker of exposure used in environmental epidemiology to assess the effect of environmental exposure on the examined health outcome is defined as:
A. marker of individual susceptibility to the exposure to a harmful environmental factor.
B. marker of early (subclinical) health effects of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor.
C. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor obtained using dosimetry techniques that measure the individual exposure.
D. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor calculated as the average concentration of the xenobiotic provided by analyses of various environmental media in the microenvironment of the exposed individual.
E. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor provided by the direct measurement of the concentration of a xenobiotic or its metabolite in a biological material obtained from the individual who is exposed to the factor in question.

Answer 21

E. marker of the exposure to a harmful environmental factor provided by the direct measurement of the concentration of a xenobiotic or its metabolite in a biological material obtained from the individual who is exposed to the factor in question.

Question 22

The family doctor has a patient, a 54-year-old male with 2nd degree obesity, type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension, and with a family history of heart disease from his father’s side. The doctor decided to use a transtheoretical model for the slimming therapy of this patient. When starting therapy, the doctor should check:
A. patient’s awareness of the relationship between obesity and health.
B. patient’s perception of his susceptibility to heart disease.
C. patient’s perception of the severity of heart diseases.
D. patient’s perception of social norms and influences.
E. patient’s self-efficacy in weight loss..

Answer 22

A. patient’s awareness of the relationship between obesity and health.

Question 23

In the years 2016 - 2018 African Swine Fever occurred in Asia and Africa (only in domestic pigs) as well as in Europe (in wild boars and domestic pigs). In 2018 ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs occurred in six EU countries (Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Italy, Bulgaria). The occurrence of ASF bears the hallmark of:
A. epidemic.
B. endemic.
C. epizootic.
D. enzootic.
E. epidemic outbreak.

Answer 23

C. epizootic.

Question 24

Nosocomial infections are an example of the contemporary epidemic spread of infectious diseases. Which of the following concerning these infections is false?
A. particular risk related to hospital stay is due to frequent contacts with mutations of pathogens resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobial/antibacterial agents.
B. nosocomial infections require additional tests and therapeutic agents.
C. as a result of nosocomial infections the number of deaths in each age range increases.
D. from the epidemiological point of view, nosocomial infections may be of pandemic nature.
E. hospital personnel and visitors are additional source of infection.

Answer 24

D. from the epidemiological point of view, nosocomial infections may be of pandemic nature.

Question 25

The general real (rough) death rate in Poland in 2014 was 970/100 000. In a small developing country in the same year it was 810/100 000. Which of the following best describes that situation?
A. in Poland more people die because the population is larger.
B. in this developing country infant mortality is high and infant mortality is not included in the death rate.
C. in this small country the healthcare system is better than in Poland.
D. in the developing country the death rate is lower because of emigration.
E. in developed countries the real death rate is usually higher because the percentage of the elderly in their populations is also higher.

Answer 25

E. in developed countries the real death rate is usually higher because the percentage of the elderly in their populations is also higher.

Question 26

According to NCD Risk Factor Collaboration studies published in 2016 (eLife 2016;5:e13410), among men born in 1996 the tallest are the Dutch, whose height on average is 182.5 cm, and the 95% level of confidence is 180.6-184.5 cm. The probability that the average height of the Dutch falls outside that level is:
A. 0%.
B. 2.5%.
C. 5%.
D. 95%
E. 100%

Answer 26

C. 5%.

Question 27

Health policy programs are developed and implemented by:
A. National Health Fund.
B. hospitals.
C. primary care physicians.
D. local government units.
E. local government units and ministers.

Answer 27

E. local government units and ministers.

Question 28

The risk factors of nosocomial infections include:
A. patient’s age.
B. length of a stay in the hospital (hospitalization).
C. inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
D. A,B,C are true.
E. B,C are true.

Answer 28

D. A,B,C are true.

Question 29

The method of cardiovascular disease prevention which belongs to high risk strategy is:
A. reduction of the sodium chloride content in processed foods.
B. blood pressure measurement during a checkup with the family doctor.
C. education about a good diet for the heart.
D. setting up city parks.
E. setting routes for walking, running and cycling.

Answer 29

B. blood pressure measurement during a checkup with the family doctor.

Question 30

Identifying sources of infection, routs of its transmission and people susceptible to infection are action taken in the case of:
A. disinfection.
B. sterilization.
C. disinfestation.
D. deratization.
E. epidemic outbreak.

Answer 30

E. epidemic outbreak.

Question 31

Which of the following are components of the Regional and National Maps of Health Needs specified in the Polish Ministry of Health Regulation of 26 of March 2015?
A. WHO health need projections for the European Region; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization; health need projections.
B. analysis of the state of healthcare resources and their utilization; analysis of health risk factors; analysis of the main causes of death in the population.
C. demographic and epidemiological analysis; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization; health need projections.
D. monitoring of zoonotic diseases and zoonotic agents; keeping records of the new incidence of infectious diseases; analysis of the state of health of children and young people from different provinces.
E. analysis of the state of health of the elderly; analysis of health needs of children and young people; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization.

Answer 31

C. demographic and epidemiological analysis; analysis of the state of resources and their utilization; health need projections.

Question 32

The most common causes of deaths in men are:
A. cardiovascular diseases.
B. malignant tumors.
C. external factors.
D. carbon monoxide poisonings.
E. none of the above.

Answer 32

A. cardiovascular diseases.

Question 33

Nosocomial infection takes place in:
A. stable.
B. garden.
C. zoo.
D. hospital.
E. airplane.

Answer 33

D. hospital

Question 34

What kind of study is a cohort study?
A. observational.
B. experimental.
C. intervention.
D. screening.
E. clinical.

Answer 34

A. observational.

Question 35

In one calendar year mortality due to malignant diseases was compared between the population of Town A (mortality: 420 / 100 000) and the population of Town B (mortality: 458 / 100 000). Indicate the correct interpretation of the obtained data:

A. two populations (A and B) differ statistically significantly in terms of mortality because the difference is greater than 5%.
B. incidence of malignant diseases is larger in Town B than in Town A.
C. case fatality in malignant diseases is larger in Town B than in Town A providing that the observed difference in mortality is statistically significant.
D. reliable assessment of the difference in between-town mortality due to malignant diseases is not possible without age standardization.
E. duration of observation (one calendar year) is too short to implement population-based comparisons of two mortalities due to malignant diseases.

Answer 35

D. reliable assessment of the difference in between-town mortality due to malignant diseases is not possible without age standardization.

Question 36

In Poland, reports on suspected or diagnosed infectious diseases that are subject to compulsory notification are to be submitted to:
A. National Health Fund.
B. Ministry of Health.
C. State Sanitary Inspectorate.
D. Central Statistical Office.
E. Department of Health in a region-specific Voivodship Office.

Answer 36

C. State Sanitary Inspectorate.

Question 37

The following institutions participate in the public health information system, except from:
A. Center of Information Systems in Health Care.
B. Chief Sanitary Inspection.
C. National Health Fund.
D. National Institute of Public Health.
E. Social Insurance Fund (ZUS).

Answer 37

E. Social Insurance Fund (ZUS).

Question 38

In many countries, the key method of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020 was the so-called flattening the epidemic curve that serves to:
1) reduce the overall number of cases;
2) spread the number of cases over time;
3) slow down the rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection;
4) counteract the paralysis of treatment under the pressure of new cases; 5) gain time to develop treatment procedures and vaccines.
The correct answer is:
A. only 1.
B. 1,2,3.
C. 1,2,3,4.
D. all the above.
E. 2,3,4,5.

Answer 38

E. 2,3,4,5.

Question 39

The register of deaths resulting from occupational diseases is kept by:
A. Registry Office.
B. Statistics Poland (Central Statistical Office).
C. National Health Fund.
D. Provincial Public Health Centers.
E. Social Insurance Fund (ZUS).

Answer 39

B. Statistics Poland (Central Statistical Office).

Question 40

The QALY indicator means:
A. human development index.
B. healthy life years.
C. quality-adjusted life years.
D. metric area index.
E. quantity of aggressive living years.

Answer 40

C. quality-adjusted life years.

Question 41

In February 2019 the Supreme Administrative Court dismissed A.D.’s (plaintiff’s initials) cassation appeal from the verdict of the Provincial Administrative Court in Warsaw which in 2016 supported the Health Minister’s decision who in turn upheld the provincial governor’s decision to impose a fine of 420 PLN on A.D. for avoiding subjecting his minor daughter to preventive vaccinations. The SAC’s verdict is an example of the following law function in the field of public health:
A. ban on actions and behaviors harmful to the health of individuals and the community.
B. regulation of the rights of individuals and groups to health care.
C. regulation of health care resources.
D. regulation of healthcare financing.
E. regulation of requirements in the field of healthcare quality.

Answer 41

A. ban on actions and behaviors harmful to the health of individuals and the community.

Question 42

Which of the following concerning positive features of screening tests, which justifying their application, is false?
A. methods used in screening usually carry no risk for examined patients.
B. there is a possibility to verify diagnoses obtained through these tests.
C. methods used in screening do not have to be accepted by examined patients.
D. diagnostic tests used in screening are generally fast and easy.
E. costs of screening tests and possible further treatment are economically justified.

Answer 42

C. methods used in screening do not have to be accepted by examined patients.

Question 43

The HLY indicator means:
A. human development index.
B. healthy life years.
C. quality-adjusted life years.
D. metric area index.
E. humanitarian list of the year.

Answer 43

B. healthy life years.

Question 44

Epidemiological surveillance of hospital-related infections in healthcare includes all the following except for:
A. epidemiological description of infections and pathogens.
B. monitoring the microbiological flora, antibiotic susceptibility, trends in drug resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infections.
C. evaluation of problem level, i.e. incidence, mortality, drug resistance, etc.
D. vaccination of healthcare professionals.
E. comparative analysis of the situation of nosocomial infections in different healthcare facilities.

Answer 44

D. vaccination of healthcare professionals.

Question 45

In the US, it is popular to say that ‘the zip code is a better predictor of health than the genetic code.’ This statement illustrates the phenomenon:
A. globalization.
B. technological progress.
C. health inequalities.
D. demographic transformation.
E. epidemiological transformation.

Answer 45

C. health inequalities.

Question 46

In present-day Poland the main cause of death of adults due to CVD is:
A. arterial hypertension.
B. ischemic heart disease.
C. stroke.
D. rupture of an aortic aneurysm.
E. congenital heart disease.

Answer 46

B. ischemic heart disease.

Question 47

In 2017 in a place populated by 50 000 inhabitants there were the following numbers of injuries according to causes and deaths resulting from those injuries:
The formula for the calculation of mortality rate per 100,000 resulting from violence is:
A. 5/50 000 x 100 000 = 10.
B. 25/50 000 x 100 000 = 50.
C. 5/25 x 100 000 = 20 000.
D. 5/40 x 100 000 = 12 500.
E. 5/150 x 100 000 = 3 333.

Answer 47

A. 5/50 000 x 100 000 = 10.

Question 48

According to WHO which of the following is not a criterion for recognizing the alcohol
addiction syndrome?
A. alcohol craving.
B. loss of control over alcohol consumption.
C. increase in alcohol tolerance.
D. increasing neglect of pleasure and interests.
E. earlier anti-social behaviour.

Answer 48

E. earlier anti-social behaviour.

Question 49

The phrase ‘the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society’ is a definition of:
A. fight against health illiteracy.
B. healthy upbringing.
C. health education.
D. health promotion.
E. public health.

Answer 49

E. public health.

Question 50

According to NHS Scotland data in the last decade the participation in cytological screening has dropped from 80% to 70% in women aged 25 -34 with low education. Indicate health effects of this situation:
A. increase in public spending on medical services.
B. increase in inequalities in health.
C. blaming women for not being responsible for their health.
D. intensification of information campaigns.
E. greater involvement of gynecologists.

Answer 50

B. increase in inequalities in health.

Question 51

Syphilis treatment in pregnant woman is an action in the area of:
A. phase I prevention.
B. phase II prevention.
C. phase III prevention.
D. phase I and II prevention.
E. phase I and III prevention..

Answer 51

E. phase I and III prevention

Question 52

According to the current law patients have to have a referral from their family doctor (NHF doctor) if they need medical services from:
1) cardiologist;
2) ophthalmologist;
3) dentist;
4) dermatologist;
5) oncologist;
6) psychiatrist;
7) gynecologist.
The correct answer is:
A. 1,2,3.
B. 1,2,4.
C. 2,3,5.
D. 4,5,6.
E. 3,5,6,7.

Answer 52

B. 1,2,4.

Question 53

Which denominator number is used for calculating the mortality rate of the disease?
A. number of all incidence of the disease.
B. number of new incidence of the disease in the given time.
C. number of deaths of the disease.
D. average number of people in the population in the given period of time.
E. number of people in the population suffering from the diseas

Answer 53

C. number of deaths of the disease.

Question 54

In August 2017 Madagascar recorded the largest outbreak of plague in the decade. As of 12 October 2017 there were 560 cases of plague comprising 394 cases of pneumonic plague, 143 cases of bubonic plague, 1 case of septicemic plague and 22 cases of clinically undefined plague. 57 deaths were recorded. Madagascar has a population of 24.9 million people. The mortality rate expressed as a percentage is:
A. 57/560 x 100% = 10.2%.
B. 143/560 x 100% = 25.5%.
C. 394/560 x 100% = 70.4%.
D. 57/24 900 000 x 100% = 0.0002%.
E. 560/24 900 000 x 100% = 0.002%.

Answer 54

A. 57/560 x 100% = 10.2%.

Question 55

The data on the number of the cases of X disease obtained in surveys carried out during health festivities is of little value as far as epidemiology and the disease spreading are concerned because:
A. data on comorbidities is not collected.
B. self-selection of the respondents means that the sample is not representative.
C. false negative results are common.
D. there is no further diagnostic system.
E. most diseases are rare in the population.

Answer 55

B. self-selection of the respondents means that the sample is not representative.

Question 56

Researches from the Cleveland Clinic (OH, USA) found that a microbiome present in breast tissue may be associated with breast cancer (Oncotarget 2017; 8:88122-88138). They hope to find a biomarker which help in fast and easy breast cancer diagnosis. Let us assume that they have already found such an biomarker and prepared a diagnostic test for detecting its presence. Using this test they examined 100 women with breast cancer and 100 healthy women who were diagnosed with other methods. They obtained the following results:
Indicate the false interpretation of those results:

A. test sensitivity is 93%.
B. test specificity is 11%.
C. the percentage of false positive results is 11%.
D. the percentage of false negative results is 7%.
E. the results do not allow to determine a positive and negative predictive value.

Answer 56

B. test specificity is 11%.

Question 57

The Helsinki Declaration of 1964 concerns:
A. primary health care.
B. protection of the rights of clinical trial participants.
C. health promoting hospitals.
D. improving quality in healthcare.
E. millennium development goals.

Answer 57

B. protection of the rights of clinical trial participants.

Question 58

In a given calendar year there were 100 cases of X disease in a city of 500,000 inhabitants. Half of the patients died. All the cases occurred in the same city district. Given the circumstances, what else do we have to know to calculate the incidence rate in this district and year?
A. age structure of the city’s population.
B. case fatality rate in this district.
C. that district population in the middle of this year.
D. duration of the prodromal period of X disease.
E. no further data is needed to calculate the incidence rate.

Answer 58

C. that district population in the middle of this year.

Question 59

Which of the following deaths are termed as premature death?
A. perinatal.
B. up to 3 years of age.
C. up to 18 years of age.
D. before reaching 60 or 65 years of age.
E. unavoidable.

Answer 59

D. before reaching 60 or 65 years of age.

Question 60

Indicate screening tests that will be conducted according to the guidelines of the National Program for Combating Cancer 2016-2024:
1) colonoscopy in 50-65 years olds once every 15 years;
2) colonoscopy in 50-69 years olds once every 5 years;
3) colonoscopy in 55-64 years olds once every 10 years;
4) cytology in women aged 25-59 once every 3 years;
5) mammography in women aged 50-69 once every 3 years. The correct answer is:
A. 1,4.
B. 1,5.
C. 2,5.
D. 3,4.
E. 3,5.

Answer 60

D. 3,4.

Question 61

Activities early detecting diseases and their causes make up secondary prophylaxis. Which of the following are part of secondary prophylaxis?
1) active guidance;
2) dispanserization;
3) vaccination;
4) health checks;
5) screening;
6) epidemiological supervision over food production. The correct answer is:
A. 1,3.
B. 2,3.
C. 4,5,6.
D. 1,2,4,5.
E. 2,3,5,6.

Answer 61

D. 1,2,4,5.

Question 62

In a population of 1.000.000 inhabitants 1.000 persons suffer from pancreatic cancer and in this population there were 200 deaths from that disease in one calendar year. Which of the following is the best overall measure of the described epidemiological situation with regard to pancreatic cancer?
A. incidence rate of 100 / 100 000.
B. morbidity rate of 80 / 100 000.
C. case fatality rate of 20 / 100 000.
D. case fatality rate of 200 / 1000.
E. mortality rate of 200 / 1000.

Answer 62

D. case fatality rate of 200 / 1000.

Question 63

Which of the following is not a proven risk factor for hospital-onset pneumonia?
A. recent history of multiple episodes of treatment with wide spectrum antibiotics.
B. diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C. swallowing disorders.
D. polytrauma (multiple traumatic injuries), which is the cause of the patient’s hospitalization.
E. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract in the last 4 weeks preceding the patient’s hospitalization.

Answer 63

E. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract in the last 4 weeks preceding the patient’s hospitalization

Question 64

When calculating the incidence rate for a given disease the numerator of the fraction denotes:
A. the number of people suffering from the disease.
B. the number of known cases of the disease.
C. the number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time. D. the number of asymptomatic cases.
E. the number of deaths for the disease in a given period of time.

Answer 64

C. the number of new cases of the disease in a given period of time.

Question 65

A population-based screening of breast cancer was performed using mammography. The sensitivity of the diagnostic tool was 90%, and its specificity was 95%. As a result it can be estimated that in the examined population:

A. 5% of the screening participants have a false positive result.
B. 10% of the screening participants have a true positive result.
C. 10% of the screening participants have a true negative result.
D. 95% of the screening participants have a true positive result.
E. 90% of the screening participants have a true negative re

Answer 65

A. 5% of the screening participants have a false positive result.

Question 66

The sentence: “10% of cases in meningococcal sepsis with meningitis end in death” describes:
A. mortality.
B. standardized mortality.
C. fatality.
D. morbidity.
E. incidence.

Answer 66

C. fatality.

Question 67

Let us assume that a new screening test was prepared to detect ovarian cancer. The chart below shows the frequency of its results. Which of the following is true if we take as a referential value the result of 0-30 μg/dL?
A. test is in 100% specific.
B. test is in 100% sensitive.
C. some healthy women will have a false-positive result. D. all women with cancer will have a positive result.
E. all women with cancer will have a negative result.

Answer 67

A. test is in 100% specific.
B. test is in 100% sensitive.
C. some healthy women will have a false-positive result. D. all women with cancer will have a positive result.
E. all women with cancer will have a negative result.

Question 68

Let us assume that a new screening test was prepared to detect ovarian cancer. The chart below shows the frequency of its results. Which of the following is true if we take as a referential value the result of 0-30 μg/dL?
A. test is in 100% specific.
B. test is in 100% sensitive.
C. some healthy women will have a false-positive result. D. all women with cancer will have a positive result.
E. all women with cancer will have a negative result.

Answer 68

A. test is in 100% specific.

Question 69

Factors which influence health according to Lalonde’s concept do not include:
A. environmental factors.
B. genetic factors.
C. lifestyle.
D. health care organization.
E. financial factors.

Answer 69

E. financial factors.

Question 70

In post-exposure prophylaxis against tetanus in the patient who is at a small risk of infection and vaccinated four years ago, the following is recommended:
A. tetanus-diphtheria vaccine or tetanus vaccine.
B. antitoxin (LIT-specific immunoglobulin 250/500 IU).
C. tetanus vaccination schedule on 0 - 1 - 6 month basis.
D. A and C are correct.
E. none vaccination is recommended.

Answer 70

E. none vaccination is recommended.

Question 71

Morbidity rate reaches higher values if:
A. disease has a short duration.
B. disease has a long duration.
C. disease is severe and causes more deaths.
D. the number of the new cases of the disease is low.
E. the ill are emigrating.

Answer 71

B. disease has a long duration.

Question 72

On a medical statement form confirming temporary incapacity for work or a stay in a stationary healthcare institution (ZUS ZLA form) A code means incapacity for work:
A. caused by a disease which symptoms appear after the period longer than 14 days since the onset of the disease.
B. which arose after a break shorter than 60 days and was caused by the same disease which caused it before the break.
C. in pregnancy.
D. caused by alcohol abuse.
E. caused by tuberculosis.

Answer 72

B. which arose after a break shorter than 60 days and was caused by the same disease which caused it before the break.

Question 73

In the formula for calculating the specificity of the test, the following number of results is entered in the numerator of the fraction:
A. true negative.
B. false negative.
C. true positive.
D. false positive.
E. all positive.

Answer 73

A. true negative.

Question 74

What kind of prophylaxis is mass screening according to Bogdan Kleczkowski?
A. non-specific prophylaxis of phase I prevention.
B. specific prophylaxis of phase I prevention.
C. phase II prevention.
D. phase III prevention.
E. metaphylaxis.

Answer 74

C. phase II prevention.

Question 75

For a dataset, the median is the value which:
A. splits dataset in half (with one half being below and the other one above this value).
B. is the most frequent.
C. is statistically closest to all of the values in the distribution.
D. is a measure of statistical dispersion.
E. splits data set into five sub-groups.

Answer 75

A. splits dataset in half (with one half being below and the other one above this value).

Question 76

The information stating that “in Poland, in week 45 of the year 2020, the total number of deaths among the persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 was 2262” applies to:
A. forensic epidemiology.
B. clinical epidemiology.
C. experimental epidemiology.
D. descriptive epidemiology.
E. analytic epidemiology.

Answer 76

D. descriptive epidemiology.

Question 77

The diagram shows two distributions of the same characteristic among adult population of the towns A and B. The difference between these distributions can be numerically expressed with the use of:

A. the median.
B. arithmetic mean.
C. the mode.
D. standard deviation.
E. number of adult inhabitants of towns A and B.

Answer 77

D. standard deviation.

Question 78

A study was conducted that aimed to identify the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among physicians. From the population of physicians in contact with COVID-19-infected patients, 50 physicians were selected who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within the period of 6 months preceding the study, and a group of 50 uninfected ones. Both groups were inquired about the personal protective measures and hygiene practices they had been using in previous months. The above description refers to:

A. experimental study.
B. cross-sectional study.
C. case-control study.
D. cohort study.
E. ecological study.

Answer 78

C. case-control study.

Question 79

Mounting scientific evidence supports the hypothesis that the postal code is a better health predicting factor than the genetic code. This hypothesis refers to:
A. health inequality.
B. prevention paradox.
C. reverse healthcare.
D. the Pareto principle.
E. overdiagnosis of diseases.

Answer 79

A. health inequality.

Question 80

The use of variolisation in the past was associated with the spreading of:
A. plague.
B. cholera.
C. spotted typhus.
D. smallpox.
E. yellow fever.

Answer 80

D. smallpox.

Question 81

Health insurance is based on the following principles, except for:
A principle of social solidarity.
B principle of self-management.
C principle of self-financing.
D principle of equal access to medical services.
E principle of co-financing.

Answer 81

C principle of self-financing

Question 82

In accordance with the Act on Preventing and Combating Infections and Infectious Diseases in Humans in Poland, persons subject to compulsory treatment include:
A. HIV and SARS cov-2 infected patients.
B. AIDS and COVID-19 patients.
C. pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis and gonorrhoea patients.
D. syphilis and COVID-19 patients.
E. tuberculosis and gonorrhoea patients.

Answer 82

C. pulmonary tuberculosis, syphilis and gonorrhoea patients

Question 83

Which of the following is the document stipulating the rules of health promotion actions in the fight against the epidemic accumulation of diseases of affluence and defining health promotion as “the process of enabling people to increase control over the factors affecting their lives”?
A. Paris Charter for Health Promotion.
B. Amsterdam Charter for Health Promotion.
C. Berlin Charter for Health Promotion.
D. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
E. Washington Charter for Health Promotion.

Answer 83

D. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.

Question 84

The first international treaty on evidence-based public health, accepted by over 170 United Nations countries is:
A. Political Declaration on Non-Communicable Diseases (UN NCD).
B. World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).
C. World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (GlobAlcRed WHO).
D. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
E. Alma Ata Declaration.

Answer 84

B. World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).

Question 85

Who is responsible for the proper function of the P I platform - where all information about planned, ongoing and completed medical service is collected?

A Minister of Health
B Director of NFZ
C Voivode
D Director of Health Care Informatic Systems Centre
E Government Plenipotentiary for Information Technology

Answer 85

A Minister of Health

Question 86

Funding for all critical infrastructure there monitoring activities under the Crisis Management Act is within:
A the budget of local governments
B the budget of government administration in accordance with the administrative division of the country
C the budget of uniformed Institutions
D the budget of Crisis Management Centres
E the budget of institutions of health care

Answer 86

B the budget of government administration in accordance with the administrative division of the country

Question 87

Economic analysis must consider the activities of each organisation in relation to its environment, so it is important to divide it by the object of analysis. This criterion allows us to distinguish: OF
A. external analysis and internal analysis
B. process analysis and resource analysis
C technical-economic analysis and financial analysis
D. macroeconomic analysis and microeconomic analysis
E. retrospective analysis and prospective analysis

Answer 87

C technical-economic analysis and financial analysis