(Leisure & Travel) Increased leisure time and the development of mass tourism from the 1930s

Question 1

Interwar tourism - who were holidays reserved for before the 30s?

Answer 1

The wealthy.

Question 2

Interwar tourism - holidays were largely reserved for the wealthy before the 30s. What did they do?

Answer 2

Visit seaside resorts and enjoy leisure facilities.

Question 3

Interwar tourism - how was the concept of going abroad viewed?

Answer 3

Very novel and usually included places like the French Riviera

Question 4

Interwar tourism - what were popular destinations to holiday within England?

Answer 4

Popular sailing destinations like Whitby Bay in the North.

Question 5

Interwar tourism - what did welfare changes allow?

What was this aided by?

Answer 5

More protected time away from work.

Aided by changes in transport, eg railways offering day trips to seasides.

Question 6

Interwar tourism - what allowed for more protected time away from work?

Answer 6

Welfare changes

Question 7

Interwar tourism - what led to the development of tourism in Britain?

Answer 7

The growth in affordability in cars.

Question 8

Interwar tourism - what did the growth in affordability of cars lead to?

Answer 8

The development of tourism in Britain.

Question 9

Interwar tourism - give evidence of the growth in affordability of cars leading to the development of tourism in Britain.

Answer 9

By 1939, 2 million cars on the road, allowing for journeys to Scotland & Lake District, as well as cultural trips like Stratford-Upon-Aven.

Question 10

Interwar tourism - what was built to accommodate new holidays in Britain?
Give evidence.

Answer 10

New camps & seaside resorts.

The Youth Hostel Association led to cheap hiking holidays.

Question 11

Interwar tourism - explain the popularity of Butlins in the interwar years.

(4)

Answer 11

First camp in Skegness in 1936, introduced by Billy Butlin.

Promised ‘a week’s holiday for a week’s wage’.

Offered cheap holidays in chalets with entertainment & 3 meals a day.

By 1939, his 2 camps provided holidays for 100,000 people a year and by the 1960s, 6 more camps had been built.

Question 12

Interwar tourism - why did Butlins become less popular in the 70s?

(3)

Answer 12

People had changing attitudes about its regimented nature.

Growth in foreign travel.

It was caught up in scandals & associated with young people who went to drink and take drugs.

Question 13

1950s/60s Foreign tourism - what made foreign travel increasingly accessible?

Answer 13

New affordability of holidays.

Question 14

1950s/60s Foreign tourism - what were examples of popular places abroad for people to visit?

Answer 14

Mallorca and Benidorm

Question 15

1950s/60s Foreign tourism - give evidence of the increasing popularity of British foreign holidays.

Answer 15

4% of British holidays to the Mediterranean in 1968 to 8% by 1971.

Question 16

1950s/60s Foreign tourism - what did foreign holidays impact and change?

Answer 16

The tastes and attitudes of Britons.

Question 17

1950s/60s Foreign tourism - what had happened for the first time by 1979?

Answer 17

Britons spent more on overseas holidays than holidays at home.

Question 18

New types of holidays - what 3 types of holidays emerged?

Answer 18

Caravanning

Package holidays

The ‘hippy trail’

Question 19

New types of holidays - give evidence of caravanning becoming an increasingly popular holiday choice.

Answer 19

Accounted for 20% of all holidays in the 60s.

Question 20

New types of holidays - give evidence of package holidays becoming an increasingly popular holiday choice.

Answer 20

Thomas Cook was the first to offer an abroad experience.

Question 21

New types of holidays - give evidence of the ‘hippy trail’ becoming an increasingly popular holiday choice.

Answer 21

Young people were doing the route across Asia.

Question 22

Limitations - give evidence of inequalities in leisure.

Answer 22

60% of workers had 2-3 weeks paid holiday a year.

25% had no paid holiday entitlement.

Question 23

Cause of change - what are the 4 causes of change?

Answer 23

Welfare

Transport

Economic

Consumer boom

Question 24

Cause of change - how did welfare change travel & leisure?

3

Answer 24

1938 Holiday with Pays Act made paid holidays compulsory.

Influence of TUs seen through encouragement of workers to join unions and pressure employers to offer fair holiday rights and better working conditions.

National Insurance Act of 1946 meant men over 65 and women over 60 received state pension; workers had more disposable income.

Question 25

Cause of change - how did transport change travel & leisure? | 4

Answer 25

Cars were more affordable for white collar workers, so holidays were more accessible for middle class. Government funded more infrastructure projects to connect the country (eg, the Mursey Tunnel 1934), helping the economy due to more holiday destinations. ‘Roll on roll off’ ferries reduced cost of taking cars abroad. Changes to law on international aviation in 1954 made it easier for rival firms to organise charter planes, creating competition and more affordability for package holiday deals abroad.

Question 26

Cause of change - how did economic changes change travel & leisure? (1)

Answer 26

Full employment meant employers had to maintain an attractive wage to keep their workforce, creating more disposable income.

Question 27

Cause of change - how did the consumer boom change travel & leisure? (4)

Answer 27

Rules around consumer credit relaxed in 1954. Hire Purchase Act increased money offered through ‘buy now pay later’ schemes. People could now reach & afford to reach far locations to holiday, supported by the new motorway system in 60s. Package holidays helped with buy now pay later - people were attracted to foreign holiday destinations, eg Spain.