Leisure Flashcards
What is leisure
A time free from social obligations especially work
Scott’s definition of leisure
A time of choice, freedom, self expression, and creativity
Examples of leisure
Games, sports, seeings friends and family, media, etc
How is leisure shaped by capitalism
You have to pay to take part in leisure
Upper and middle classes can afford more luxury leisure
Working class have less time and money to participate
What did Rajek say about Differences between modern and post modern leisure
1) purpose - is less purposeful in POMO - destruction form work - changed from relaxing to productivity
2) structure - are no longer spectate and now link together - more time to participate as not marrying young
3) consumerism - shopping is now leisure not a chore
4) technology- more access - apps thag easily accommodate leisure - more focused on women e.g fitness apps
What did Smart say about leisure
How we spend our personal life is a social construct
Is massively linked to media
What did Federicci say on leisure
There’s a new distinction between free time and work time through the introduction of wage labour under industrialisation
What did Mansfield say about leisure
Time away from labour is the route of a well lived life
Who said there was a relationship between work and leisure and what did they say
Parker
Parkers 3 patterns ;
1 - extension pattern -no clear divide between work in leisure
-Those I’m high status jobs associate with the job
2 - neutrality pattern - occupations with low autonomy eg manual workers don’t link work and leisure
- leisure is typically with family
3 - opposition pattern - leisure is an escape from work
- heavy manual workers want to forget about work
- eg through alcohol
Who critiqued parkers 3 patterns
Roberts, Clarke and Critcher
Said he fails to take into account varying leisure activitys of ppl in the same job role
What did bourdieu say about how cultural capital impacts leisure
Higher classes with more money engage in ‘hybrow culture’
Eg Listen to music and read novels which is more educational
WCs engage in mass and popular culture
Ken Roberts research on Liverpool men
PLURALIST VIEW
Found different leisure activitys in different occupational groups
WC jobs- TV, alcohol, gamble, sex
MC jobs- theatre,
But Since it was only a small proportion of the time it didn’t have an overall affect of patterns of leisure
He also said the life cycle has an effect on leisure
Eg choices are affected by children or retirement
How do Scraton and Beamham critique Parker
Said he had a limited view on the nature of work
Feminists point out that not all work is payed work
Eg housework and childcare
This is much ignored by Parker
Clarke and critchers critique on Ken Roberts pluralist view
NEO MARXIST APPROACH
argue leisure is shaped by capitalism
State regulates leisure through policing public spaces such as streets and parks
This supports subsidised bourgeois leisure activities.
Leisure is mainly organised by large coorporations
Consumers of leisure are exploited as industries have created false leisure needs through ads and media
How does legislation impact leisure
Age restrictions
Drinking - 18yo
Driving - 17yo
How does age impact leisure
Responsibilities;
Jobs, parents, bills
Opportunity;
Older people have more means to participate in leisure based on consumer lifestyle
They have money to purchase things such as clothing, music, go to clubs
This is due to more personal autonomy when older
How does income impact women’s leisure
FEMINIST VIEW
Pay gap
Restricted ability to participate
A03: equal pay act
How does patriarchy restrict women’s choice in leisure
FEMINIST VIEW
Harassment
Deems research into gender and leisure
Women’s leisure is closely linked to aspects of childcare
Eg swimming with children
Questions choice of leisure within social groups
How does socialisation and gender impact leisure
Women and men are socialised by society into different interests
Eg women enjoy shopping while men find it a chore
Paragraph plan for Marxist view on leisure and consumption
KU : important in shaping identity
- Marxist view
-bourdious idea on cultural capital
AP : Nike Air Jordans 1995 £150-200
-WC exploited by consumer culture
- branded goods - social status - identity
