leishmania and plasmodium

Question 1

• Which parasite species causes the most severe form of malaria?

Answer 1

Plamodium falciparium

Question 2

• Which components of the immune system mediate protection against leishmaniasis?

Answer 2

Macrophages, dendritic cells and T helper cells (Th1 and Th2). release of IFNgamma and interleukin 12

Question 3

• Which insect vectors are transmitting malaria and leishmaniasis

Answer 3

Malaria- female anopheles mosquitoe

Leishmania- sandfly

Question 4

• List the major clinical forms of leishmaniasis

Answer 4

localized cutaneus Leishmaniasis
diffuse cutaneous
mucosutaneous
visceral

Question 5

• What is the difference between Leishmania amastigotes and promastigotes?

Answer 5

amastigotes 3-7um- intracellular stage, has a rounded body without visible flagellum
Promastigotes 10-20um- vector stage, free anterior flagellum with kinetoplast at the anterior end.

Question 6

• Why do antibodies protect against trypanosomes but not against Leishmania?

Answer 6

because they are obligatory intracellular parasites antov´bodies do not get acces to them.

Question 7

Which molecules mediate the cytoadherence of malaria parasites?

Answer 7

Parasitophorous vacuole

Question 8

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 8

Sickle cell is a defect caused by the excahnge of one amino acid (Glu to Val) in the beta chain of hemoglobin.
this degect caused the shape of red blood cells to look abnomal and unflexible. These cell deliver less oxgen, can obstruct circulation.

it confers resistance to carriers against plasmodium by reducing resposiveness of RBCs and increasing phagocytosis of infected RBCs.

people with the SS gene do not die from malaria.

Question 9

What is the present state of malaria in Europe?

Answer 9

Malaria was eradicated in 2016 with the last case reported in 2014.