Legislations and ethics

Question 1

Purpose of the NZNO

Answer 1

To guide nursing practice and communicate the nursing professions ethical values

Question 2

Rangatiratanga

Answer 2

Self-determination
Māori have the right to self-determination and the right to determine their own
destiny.
Nursing* actions and outcomes will reflect the hopes and aspirations of Māori for
self-determination with respect to their own affairs.

Question 3

Manaakitanga

Answer 3

Hospitality, Kindness, respect
Manaakitanga is the way in which we make people feel welcome when they are in
our company and ensure their mana is maintained.

Manaakitanga also means showing kindness, treating people with respect, caring
for others, nurturing relationships, reciprocity, cultural and social responsibility

Question 4

Tika

Answer 4

Importance of truth, correctness, directness, justice, fairness, and rights.

> Tika tāngata describes human rights.

Nursing* practice will be based upon what is right and proper according to
circumstance and in accordance with common good.

Question 5

Whanaugnatanga

Answer 5

Whakawhanaungatanga is the process of establishing relationships, which enables
connections between past and present to be made.
> Whānau connection, relationships with whānau both past and present, and kinship
are paramount.
> Whanaungatanga develops as a result of kinship rights and obligations, which also
serve to strengthen each member of the kin group. It also extends to others with
whom one develops a close familial, friendship or reciprocal relationship.
> Nursing* practice will focus on people and the relationships established and
maintained with others.

Question 6

Wairuatanga

Answer 6

Wairuatanga is about understanding and believing there is a spiritual existence in
addition to the physical.
> The wairua of a person requires nourishment as regularly as the tinana (body), and
forms of nourishment differ among people.
> Article 12 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples gives
indigenous people the right to manifest, practise, develop and teach their spiritual
and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies.
> Nursing* practice will acknowledge and respect the right of all people to spiritual
freedom.

Question 7

Kotahitanga

Answer 7

> Kotahitanga is about unity, togetherness, solidarity and collective action.
All people are encouraged to have their say and be a part of collective approaches.
Nurses* will seek to work in unity and harmony with each other and others.

Question 8

Kaitiakitanga

Answer 8

> Kaitiakitanga means guardianship or stewardship.

Question 9

Autonomy

Answer 9

Individuals have the right to self-determination. This assumes that the individual or
group, or their client or agent, have the wisdom to make the best choice for that
individual or group.

Question 10

Beneficence

Answer 10

Beneficence is the performing of actions leading to outcomes that now, or in the
future, would be regarded as worthwhile; the concept of doing good.
> The meaning and value of good can vary according to context and this can influence
what we think and do when considering beneficence.

Question 11

Non-maleficence

Answer 11

Non-maleficence is the avoidance of harm, the prevention of future harm, and
minimising harm in situations where it is unavoidable.
> The meaning and value of harm can vary according to context and this can influence
what we think and do when considering maleficence.

Question 12

Justice

Answer 12

Justice is based on the assumption that society has a responsibility to treat people
fairly. Justice can be further split into three categories: fair distribution of scarce
resources (distributive justice), respect for people’s rights (rights-based justice) and
respect for morally-acceptable laws (legal justice).

Question 13

Confidentiality

Answer 13

Confidentiality means the privacy of written or spoken information, or of observed
body language, acquired through privileged access.
> The concept of privacy can vary according to the situation and what laws might
apply.

Question 14

Veracity

Answer 14

Honesty
Veracity occurs when actions, speech and behaviour ensure communications
between individuals and/or groups are honest and truthful.

Question 15

Fidelity

Answer 15

> Fidelity means the obligation to remain faithful to one’s commitments to others,
particularly promises and when information is given in confidence.

Question 16

Guardianship of the environment and its resources

Answer 16

This assumes that society has a responsibility to respect and protect the
environment and its resources.
> How we understand and value guardianship and the relationship between person
and environment can vary according to culture and context.

Question 17

Being professional

Answer 17

This involves the belief that nursing is a profession with a defined purpose. It has a
special relationship with society, having been established by society.

> There is a duty to provide health-related care for those members of society in need.

> Nursing possesses a distinct body of knowledge, its own area of independent
practice and is guided by the specific set of values identified here.

> Nurses are accountable for their nursing practice and accept responsibility for their
actions and decision-making.

Question 18

Code of Health and disability human rights

Answer 18

establishes the rights of consumers, and the obligations and duties of providers to comply with the code.

Consumers have rights, providers have duties
- Every consumer has rights in this code
- Every provider is subject to duties in this code
- Every provider must take action to:
A: Inform consumers of their rights; and
B: Enable consumers to exercise their rights

Question 19

10 Rights of the code of health and disability

Answer 19

1: Right to be treated with respect
2: Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation
3: Right to dignity and respect
4: Right to services of an appropriate standard
5: Right to effective communication
6: Right to be fully informed
7: Right to make an informed decision and give informed consent
8: Right to support
9: Right in respect of teaching or research
10: Right to complain

Question 20

Health practitioners competence assurance act

Answer 20

To Protect the health and safety of members of the public by providing mechanisms to ensure that health practitioners are competent and fit to practice their professions

Question 21

Mental Health Act 1992 (Compulsory assessment + treatment)

Answer 21

Provides a legal framework for those who require compulsory psychiatric assessment + treatment for those experiencing mental illness

Refines the circumstances and conditions under which the persons may be subject to compulsory assessment + treatment.

Refines the rights of individuals undergoing compulsory assessment + treatment and provides better protection for those rights.
Reforms and consolidates the law relating to the assessment + treatment of persons suffering from mental disorder.

Question 22

Limb 1: Mental Health Act 1992

Answer 22

Limb 1: Abnormal state of mind
Mental disorder, in relation to any person, means an abnormal state of mind (whether continuous or intermittent by nature) characterised by delusions, or by disorders of mood or perception or volition or cognition of such degree that it disrupts usual functioning

Question 23

Limb 2: Mental Health Act 1992

Answer 23

Limb 2: Danger to self or others
A: Poses a severe danger to the health and safety of that person or others
B: Seriously diminishes the capacity of that person to take care of themselves

Question 24

Section 8A MHA

Answer 24

Application for assessment

Question 25

Section 8B MHA

Answer 25

Medical practitioner certificate to accompany application for assessment

Question 26

Section 9 MHA

Answer 26

Assessment + examination to be arranged + conducted (Notice of assessment)

Question 27

Section 10 MHA

Answer 27

Certificate of preliminary assessment

Question 28

Section 11MHA

Answer 28

Further assessment and treatment for 5 days

Question 29

Section 13 MHA

Answer 29

Further assessment and treatment for 14 days

Question 30

Section 14 MHA

Answer 30

Certificate of final assessment

Question 31

Section 16 MHA

Answer 31

Review of Patients condition by a judge

Question 32

Section 18 MHA

Answer 32

Judicial hearing

Question 33

Section 29 MHA

Answer 33

Community treatment order

Question 34

Section 30 MHA

Answer 34

Inpatient treatment order

Question 35

Section 59 MHA

Answer 35

Treatment while subject to compulsory treatment order

Question 36

Section 62 MHA

Answer 36

Urgent treatment order

Question 37

Section 63 MHA

Answer 37

Withdrawal of consent

Question 38

Section 76 MHA

Answer 38

Clinical review of a persons subject to compulsory treatment order

Question 39

Section 111 MHA

Answer 39

Power of nurses, where urgent assessment is required Only in hospital setting, assessment needs to be completed within 6hrs

Question 40

Rights under the MHA

Answer 40

Right to information Right for cultural safety Right to an interpreter Right to treatment Right to be informed Right to refuse video recording Right to independent psychiatric advice Right to legal advice Right to company Right to have visitors and make phone calls Right to send and receive mail

Question 41

Compulsory treatment order: Section 28

Answer 41

Must receive up to 6 months of treatment - Judge determines mental state. Consent is given by the responsible psychiatrist/responsible physician. Family cannot see patient notes without the patients consent Section 7A: Practitioners mandatory to consult with family regarding pt care and treatment, (unless doing so would compromise patient care and safety)

Question 42

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 Class A Drugs

Answer 42

Very high risk of harm, and Illegal - Cocaine - Heroin - LSD - Mescaline - Methamphetamine - Phencyclidine (PCP) - Psilocin and psilocybin

Question 43

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 Class B Drugs

Answer 43

Very high risk of harm, prescriptions - Amphetamine - Cannabis - Ephedrine - GHB - Hydromorphone - MDMA (Ecstasy) - Methadone - Methylphenidate - Morphine - Opium - Oxycodone - Pethidine - Pseudoephedrine

Question 44

Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 Class C Drugs

Answer 44

Moderate risk of harm - Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) - Benzodiazepam - Benzylpiperazine - Cannabis - Codeine - Zopiclone - Zolpidem

Question 45

Intellectual Disability Act 2003

Answer 45

Establishes a scheme which authorises the provision of compulsory care + rehabilitation of individuals with an intellectual disability, who have been charged with a prisonable offence

Question 46

Purpose of the Intellectual Disability Act 2003

Answer 46

Provide the courts with appropriate compulsory care/rehabilitation options for people with intellectual disability. To recognise + Safeguard special rights of those subject to the Act.

Question 47

Whaio Te Ao Maori / Maori Health and Disability Act plan 2012

Answer 47

Establishes priority areas of action to enable disabled Maori to achieve their aspiration and reduce barriers that may impede them from gaining better outcomes

Question 48

Aims of the Maori Disability Act plan 2012

Answer 48

To improve Maori health outcomes To provide better support for disabled Maori patients Good partnership Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the Act

Question 49

Faivo Ora / National pasifika Disability plan 2014

Answer 49

Sets out priority outcomes and actions to support and improve the lives of Pacifica disabled people of all ages and their families

Question 50

Aims of the National Pasifika disability plan 2014

Answer 50

Improving the outcomes for pacific disabled children, youth and their families Encourage pacific communities to better engage with and support individuals with disabilities and their families to participate in the community Ensuring disability services and supports meet the needs of the disabled people and their families Encouraging stakeholders to work in partnership to address challenges experienced by Pacific disabled people and their families.

Question 51

New Zealand Disability Strategy

Answer 51

Disabled people have equal opportunity to achieve goals and aspirations. Outcomes: - Education - Employment - Economic security - Health and Wellbeing (Barrier-free and inclusive, health passport) - Rights protection and Justice - Accessibility - Attitudes - Choice and control - Leadership

Question 52

Vulnerable Childrens Act 2014

Answer 52

Act aimed at improving the wellbeing and safety of children, particularly those at risk of harm or neglect

Question 53

Purpose of the Vulnerable Children Act 2014

Answer 53

The Act seeks to protect vulnerable children by requiring that children's agencies and individuals working with children focus on identifying and addressing potential harm. It promotes the collective responsibility of various government agencies in safe guarding children.

Question 54

Children's Action plan - Vulnerable children's act 2014

Answer 54

One of the main frameworks under the act Guiding agencies on how to work collaboratively to protect children at risk. It emphasises early intervention and provides for information sharing between agencies

Question 55

Safety Checking - Vulnerable Children's Act 2014

Answer 55

The Act mandates comprehensive safety checks, for individuals working with children in "Child Services". This includes identifying verification, police vetting, reference checks, and periodic rechecks every three years

Question 56

Core Children's workers - Vulnerable children's act 2014

Answer 56

Those working directly with children (Nurses, SW) are the "Core workers" and subject to higher scrutiny to ensure they are fit for working in sensitive environments

Question 57

Child protection policies - vulnerable children's act

Answer 57

The act requires that agencies providing services to children develop and implement child protection policies. These policies should outline how to report/identify potential abuse or neglect.

Question 58

Information sharing - Vulnerable children's act

Answer 58

The act encourages better sharing of information between government + non-government agencies to ensure the safety + well-being of the children. while balancing privacy concerns.

Question 59

Multi agency approach - vulnerable childrens act 2014

Answer 59

There is a strong emphasis on inter-agency collaboration between healthcare, education and social services to detect and intervene in cases of child vulnerability early.