Legislation, Protocols, etc Flashcards
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
UK Wildlife and Countryside Act
Prohibits certain methods of killing wild animals, restricts introduction of certain plants and mammals etc
JNCC
Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
Is a public body that advises the UK Gov on UK-wide and international nature conservation.
Natural England
Is a non departmental public body in UK, which is responsible for ensuring england’s natural environment is protected and improved, and which also wants to help people access and understand the natural environment.
How do designated areas protect species and habitats by restricting activities and establishing management plans?
They may have restrictions on development, construction, or other activities that could harm the protected species or habitats (eg specific construction methods may be required to minimize disturbance)
Management Plans ensure the area is actively managed to ensure its long-term health and the persistence of its species and habitats (plans often outline specific actions, such as grazing management, habitat restoration, or control of invasive species to achieve objectives).
Management plans include monitoring and review components to assess their effectiveness and allow for adaptation to changing conditions, ensures that the plans continue to meet the needs of the protected area.
LEGAL PROTECTION
Examples of designated areas:
Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
National Nature Reserve (NNR)
Special Area of Conservation (SAC)
Special Protection Area (SPA)
Natura 2000 sites (created SAC and SPA)
Ramsar sites (for wetlands)
Marine Nature Reserve (MNR)
Local Nature Reserve (LNR)
Marine Protected Area (MPA)
Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ).
CITES
Convention on International Trade un Endangered Species.
Example of trade control; a global agreement among governments to regulate or ban trade in species under threat.
APPENDIX 1- international commercial trade is generally prohibited
APPENDIX 2- international commercial trade is allowed, but controlled.
How does CITES protect selected species?
Protects endangered species by regulating international trade in their specimens and products. It does this through a system of permits and certificates, ensuring that trade doesn’t threaten the survival of listed species.
What is the IWC?
The global body responsible for the management of whaling and the conservation of whales. It aims to control whaling and ensure it is sustainable.
How does the IWC control whaling?
Total protection of certain species, designates whale sanctuaries, sets limits on the quantity and size of whales, protects suckling mothers and calves, researches whale biology and the human activities which can threaten them.
Whaling is permitted for 3 reasons
Aboriginal subsistence, special permit whaling/ scientific whaling, commercial whaling.
Aboriginal subsistence
Cultural groups who have traditionally hunted whales for food, like the Inuit population in Alaska, who are permitted to catch 55 bowhead whales a year)
Special permit/ scientific whaling
Is the killing of whales for scientific research (Japan used this for many years)
Commerical whaling
Iceland and Norway use an IWC regulation to set their own quotas.
Japan and the IWC
Joined in 1951, objected 1982 moratorium (global ban) on commercial whaling, conducted ‘special permit whaling’ from 1987 until international court of justice declared the program was not for research in 2019, continued commercial whaling in 2019. NOW BRINK OF COLLAPSE.
EU Common Fisheries Policy
Is a mechanism and set of rules which help manage European fishing fleets and fish stocks. Applies to all Eu member states (22 of which are coastal), gives all EU fleets equal access to EU waters for fair competition, aims to ensure European fishing is sustainable (balancing desire to maximise catches with conserving fish stocks)
What is the International Tropical Timber Organisation?
Intergovernmental organisation promoting the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests AND the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests.
What do the ITTO do?
Develops internationally agreed policy guidelines to encourage sustainable forest management and sustainable tropical timber industries/ trade, while assisting tropical timber countries to adopt these guidelines to local circumstances and implement them in projects. Collects and analyzes data on production and trade of tropical timber.
