Legislation Linguistics

Question 1

DACA

Answer 1

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Provides work authorization but not lawful status to certain people who came to the U.S. as children (and meet other criteria)

Question 2

Plyler v. Doe

Answer 2

1982. All students are entitled to a public education regardless of documented status

Question 3

MN Act

Answer 3

allows some MNSCU schools to offer a flat tuition rate to students regardless of their status

Question 4

ACCESS

Answer 4

test used to assess English proficiency in MN. Given yearly around MCA time, late winter/early spring.

Question 5

NCLB Positives

Answer 5

Made English Learners an important part of the conversation about school performance and improvement. More funding available. Increased analysis of progress and adjusting of programs based on this analysis. Additional resources of ELL programs

Question 6

NCLB Drawbacks

Answer 6

Schools labeled “low performing” if ELs do not attain testing achievement targets. High schools in particular are reluctant to enroll ELs because they are unlikely to meet NCLB’s 4 year graduation requirement. Teaching to the test is problematic. Increased funding for professional development is not always used effectively.

Question 7

Lau v. Nichols

Answer 7

1974, School district have a duty to see that students are not discriminated against because they do not speak English. Equal treatment does not mean providing the same instruction and materials as would be provided native English speaking students.

Question 8

MN LEP Act

Answer 8

Legally defines LEP and mandates programming: entrance and exit criteria, written plan of services available to parents upon request, PD to support LEP students, and LEP students should not be segregated from the rest of the school to the extent possible

Question 9

Development of English (1)

Answer 9

Germanic Tribes invade the Celts in the British Isles. Tribes came from regions known as Angeln and Saxony and brought the language “Anglo - Saxon” which we now know as “Old English.”

Question 10

Development of English (2)

Answer 10

Germanic tribes convert to Christianity, so Latin words are added to their language. Scandinavian Vikings then invade the islands. And later, the “Normans” from Normandy France, William the Conqueror 1066. Now the Isles use 3 languages - Norman French, Latin, and “Middle English” which over time absorbs French words.

Question 11

Development of English (3)

Answer 11

Printing is introduced to England, standardizing the language (15th cent). And the English begin to explore the globe (16th cent) spreading the language. Other global languages also impact English including Welsh, Irish, Spanish, Japanese, Hindi, Arabic

Question 12

Grammar

Answer 12

Constantly developing, losing old rules and making new ones. The process of language changing and normalizing to create a new grammar rule is grammaticalization.

Question 13

Noam Chomsky

Answer 13

Universal Grammar and the Language Acquisition Device. All humans possess a biological disposition to learn language, including innate grammar categories that aide them in categorizing and learning the rules of language with little conscious effort (1st language).

Question 14

Dream Act

Answer 14

Provides a path to citizenship for students who arrived under the age of 15, have been in the US for 5 years before the bill was passed, and have graduated high school

Question 15

Castañeda v. Pickard

Answer 15

1981. Established criteria for quality programming and determining whether this criteria is met. 3 Criteria for quality programming: (theory) program must be based on sound educational theory, (practice) must be implemented effectively, (results) Must be evaluated and proved effective in teaching language and providing access to full curriculum

Question 16

TEAE

Answer 16

Reading and Writing Test for Elsin 2007, used with SOLOM (oral proficiency)