Legan And Ethical Structure Flashcards
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and types of values is called
Axiology
Ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized by individuals,groups or society.
Values
Preferences or dispositions that reflect right or wrong in human behaviour are considered
Moral values
The process of value formation, the choosing or rejecting of values, might also be referred to as the development of ones
Moral autonomy
Adherence to moral norms that is sustained over time
Integrity
Power “to” not “over”. Enables people to change if they have knowledge, skills, and opportunities.
Empowerment
From our own empowerment and health, we are able to inspire, teach, and assist others in achieving their potential. Self awareness is a necessity.
Personal empowerment
Knowledge about and taking action address both system and interpersonal issues. Collaboration and sharing decision making. Involvement in forming institutional policies. Incorporating divergent and conflicting views and solutions based on support of others.
Nursing empowerment
Be critically reflective, exploring your values, behaviours, actions, judgements, and justifications.
Ethics requirements
Demonstrates competence in professional judgments and practice decisions by applying the principles implied in the code of ethics or ethical framework for registered nurses and by utilizing knowledge from many sources. Engages in critical inquiry to inform clinical decision‐making, which includes both a systematic and analytic process along with a reflective and critical process. Establishes therapeutic, caring, and culturally safe relationships with clients and health care team members based on appropriate relational boundaries and respect
Ethical practice
Values are the heart. Numerous theories (deontology, utilitarianism, bioethics, feminist, relational). Four basic principles common to all (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice)
Principles of ethics
Asserts that a capable and competent individual is free to determine, and to act in accordance with, a self-chosen plan
Autonomy
Derived from principle of autonomy •Duty to tell the truth •Central to developing trust in nurse-patient relationships •Can cause conflicts in nursing care
Veracity
above all (or first), do no harm” (Keating & Smith,2010,p. 35) •Provision of safe patient care
Non-maleficence
Even higher standard than non-maleficence
Must take positive action to produce some good or benefit for another
Conflicts arise with the principle of autonomy
•Challenge: Maternalistic or Paternalistic Attitudes
Beneficence
- Based upon notion of fairness
- Distributive justice- “proper” distribution of both social benefits and burdens across society -theoretically sound but open to interpretation - i.e. organ transplant
- Compensatory justice- “providing compensation or payment for harm that has been done to an individual or group”
Justice
“about nurses being loyal, keeping promises and telling the truth (veracity) to those in their care
•Conflicts arise when being loyal to patient compromises own ethical principles and laws
Fidelity
Seven primary values:
•Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
•Promoting health and well-being
•Promoting and respecting informed decision making
•Preserving dignity
•Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
•Promoting justice; and
•Being accountable
Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (2008)
- Controlled acts
- Permitted actions and processes
- Covers all health care professions in Canada
The Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991
- scope of practice statement
- provisions and regulations specific to the nursing profession
- title protection regulations
- definitions of the classes of nurse registration
- entry-to-practice
- Regulations on controlled acts authorized to nursing
The Nursing Act 1991
- Tort law
- Unintended injury or harm to another person
- Patients have the right to expect best possible care based upon a reasonable standard of skill and knowledge
Negligence
