Legal Policy Manual Flashcards
This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator
Number of Counts
Not more than 15 with DIC or HD approval
Multiple defendants and charging
When there are multiple defendants and one deserves a felony, then charge all with felonies (if possible) because the law prefers joinder
Supporting documentation for certain crimes and allegations
The I/O must bring the supply documents before prelim, I.e. prior conviction for 666
Penal Code section 667(a)(1)
Prior conviction of a serious felony Shall receive 5 years Must be filed pursuant to LPM 2.10.05 Must be served consecutive Defined by 1192.7(c)
Minors prosecuted in adult court
Traditional Fitness hearings
Mandatory Direct Filing
Discretionary Direct filings
Standard for Juvenile Filing
Same as for adult court
Filing deviation from juvenile to adult
Who do you seek approval from
The adult court DA may not reject case or deviate from filing in juvenile court without prior HD approval
What justifies a change in filing brought from juvenile filing to adult court?
Change in facts or law, errors, or omissions
Examination of Defendant’s Age in adult court
Proceeding must be suspended
Examine defendant’s age in adult court
Defendant has the burden of proof
Burden of proof in examination of age case
Moving part has burden
Burden is preponderance of the evidence
What happens to the case if the adult court finds defendant is a minor
Adult prosecution should be suspended
Juvenile court is final arbiter of defendant’s age
Burden is still on defendant
Burden is still preponderance of e Evidence
Discretionary Direct Filing
Although we have the power to direct file on certain juvenile cases, I.e. guns, gangs, murder, we rely upon fitness hearings
Disclosure of Informants
If at time of filing it appears that informant disclosure is necessary, then filing DA should not file unless they have assurance from agency that they will disclose, and that the agency will make reasonable efforts to keep track of the performance whereabouts.
- Disclosure
- Whereabouts
When is disclosure of an informant necessary?
The defense has a right to know the disclosure of an informant when there is a reasonable possibility that the informant offer exonerating evidence or evidence that tends to benefit the defendant’s case.
What happens when a judge finds that prima facia case has been made showing that the informant is material
The disclosure of the informant may be opposed by the use of an in camera hearing.
Felony DUI
- Three or more prior DUI convictions or prior alcohol reckless driving convictions;
- Prior alcohol-related vehicular manslaughter;
- If defendant causes serious injury to another person in current case
Proper basis for declining to charge
7 Reasons
- Contrary to Legislative Intent
- Antiquated Statute
- Victim Request No Prosecution
- De Minimis Violation
- Probation Violation
- Pending Prosecution on Other Charges
- Disproportionate Cost of Prosecution
Contrary to legislative intent
It will be proper to declined to charge because charging the accused will be contrary to the legislatures intent and enacting that particular law
Antiquated statute
- Has not been enforced for many years
- Most members of society generally act as if it were no longer in existence
- It no longer serves as a deterrent or protective purpose
Victim request no prosecution
In certain occasions it is proper to decline a case because the witness declines prosecution.
- In assault or battery cases when the victim has suffered little or no injury and the accused conduct is not likely to be repeated
- In crimes against property, not involving violence, when no major loss was suffered and the accused’s conduct is not likely to be repeated
De minimis violation
In rare occasions it is proper to decline a charge when the violation is minimal.
- The availability of appropriate alternative charges
- Whether the accused, if convicted, would merit any confinement or significant fine
- Whether a deterrent purpose will be served by prosecuting the offense
- The possession of a controlled substance falls below the minimum requirements
Probation violation in-lieu of
In certain cases it is proper to decline a charge because the revocation of probation or parole is imminent
1) there is sufficient evidence to prove the violation
2) the probationers conduct constitutes a violation that either is not criminal
3) or if criminal, the new conviction would not merit in significant additional punishment, and the new offense is not particularly aggravated, and the conviction on the new offense would not serve any significant deterrent purpose
Pending prosecution on other charges
It is proper to decline a charge because the accused is facing pending prosecution in LA County or another jurisdiction
If the conviction of the new offense would not merit a significant punishment, there is a reasonable certainty that the pending prosecution is eminent, the new defense is not aggravated, and the conviction on the new offense would not serve any deterrent purpose
Disproportionate cost of prosecution
A decision not to charge because the cost of prosecution or the burden of witnesses is disproportionate to the importance of prosecuting the particular offense
Requires Bureau Director approval
Improper basis for declining to charge
8 reasons
- Restitution
- Extradition Not Warranted
- Relation of Accused and Victim
- Unpopular Statute
- Victim’s Lack of Cooperation
- Severe Impact on the Accused/Accuse Family
- Improper Motives of the Complainant
- Commission of Perjury
Declining to charge because of restitution
It is improper to decline to charge simply because the accused made or tendered restitution to the victim
Extradition not warranted
It is improper to decline to charge simply because extradition is necessary to obtain jurisdiction over the accused
Relation of excused and victim
It would be improper to decline to charge simply because the victim and accused are related
Unpopular statute
It would be improper to decline a charge simply because the statute is unpopular with a segment of the population, the local judiciary, or even the prosecutor
Victim’s lack of cooperation
It would be improper to decline to charge simply because the victims future cooperation is problematic.
However the deputy can take into consideration the victims present lack cooperation of as a factor in determining whether the case can be successfully prosecuted
Severe impact on accused or accused family
It would be improper to decline to charge simply because it will have a severe impact on the accused or accused family
Improper motives of the complaint
It would be improper to decline to charge simply because the motives of the complainant in seeking prosecution or self serving, vindictive, or competitive.
Commission of perjury judicial proceedings
The defendants or codefendant commits perjury during a judicial proceeding, a deputy should not the decline to charge perjury simply because he or she was convicted of the original charge
Law enforcement request for review of filing decision
An officer can request assistant hea deputy to review it reject from a filer
If assistant head deputy also rejects then they can go to the HD. However it must be the officers supervisor that goes to HD
City attorney disagrees with filing deputy’s decision
- The city attorney may contact the filing deputy to discuss the referral
- If matter is unresolved, city attorney’s supervisor may request review of the filing deputy’s head deputy or deputy in charge
Offenses generally appropriate for referral
5 reasons
- Battery or mutual combat unless there’s series injury or a weapon or gang-related
- Neighborhood disputes
- Trespass
- Loitering
- Regulatory violation
Loitering filings
Loitering for purpose of prostitution or drug activities will only be filed when the loitering was observed and investigated by trained law enforcement experts in prostitution and or drug activities
Note on regulatory violations
Filing deputies should consult with deputies in the consumer protection division when the violation involves consumer protection, environmental law, or workplace safety violations.
Offenses generally inappropriate for referral
six reasons
I. Exhibiting a weapon II. Weapon possession III. Petty theft IV. Bad checks V. Vehicle theft VI. Hit and run driving
Exception to exhibiting a weapon
It may be referred to an office hearing it is unclear who the aggressor was
Exception to weapons possession office hearing
An exception may be made when he accused is not involved other criminal activity and is confused about the wall regarding possession of certain weapons.
Another exception is when the weapon was unlawfully seized and a court will excluded from evidence
Exception to petty theft
A petty theft may be sent to an office hearing t accused mental competence is in question
Vehicle theft exception
A vehicle theft case can be referred to an office. If the vehicle had previously been loaned or used by the suspect. Or if the victim and the suspect are related or associated in someway and the vehicle is recovered without serious damage.
Exception to hit and run
A hit-and-run case can be referred to an office hearing if the damage is minor and the facts suggest the suspect may not have sufficient knowledge of the damage.
Prop 115 and special circumstances
Head Deputy approval is required when using proposition 115 testimony in a preliminary hearing involving special circumstances
If a filing deputy determines the bail schedule is inappropriate he shall
I. Prepare a declaration for bail deviation
II. Indicate the proposed bail amount on the complaint
III. Deliver the complaint and the declaration for bail deviation to the arraignment court
Bail deviation procedure: Arraignment Deputy
I. Present testimony or oral argument in support of the declaration for bail deviation
II. Ask the magistrate to fix bail on the amount recommended on the complaint
Bail deviation on a felony complaint
recommendation an excess of $100,000 must have head deputy approval
Grand jury indictment bail deviation
Bail deviation recommendation in excess of $1 million must have bureau director approval
Changing bail after defendant admitted to bail
Penal Code section 1289 permits bail to be increased or decreased upon a showing of good cause