LEGAL MEDICINE TERMS Flashcards by John Marquez

Ligature around base of finger will show no change in color if the person is dead

Magnus test

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Injection of fluorescein to check if circulation is present. Whole skin will show greenish discoloration

Icards test

I = Inject

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Finger webs appear red in living, yellow in dead

Diaphanous test

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Place water or mercury in saucer over the chest. No movement in light reflection = Dead

Winslow test

W = water

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Cooling of the dead body

Algor mortis

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Post mortem suggilation

Livor mortis

Or cadaveric lividity / Hypostasis

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Due to solidification of fats when body is exposed to freezing temp

Cold Stiffening

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Weapon held in hand before death and removed with difficulty

Cadaveric spasm

Occurs immediately after death vs rigor mortis (3-6hrs)

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Breaking down of proteins into simpler components -> foul smelling gas and change body color

Putrefaction

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During decomposition, there is prominent superficial veins with red discoloration on the flank, neck, shoulder

Marbolization

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Order of putrefaction when in water

Pababa

Face - shoulder - arms - abdomen - legs

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Special putrefaction where fatty tissues are transformed into adipocere (brown)

Saponification

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Special putrefaction where body is dehydrated

Mummification

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Special putrefaction in death of fetus in utero

Maceration

softening of tissues when in a fluid medium in absence of microbes

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Criteria of death applied to potential organ donors

Brain death

irreversible coma, cannot resuscitate

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Transient “death” seen in uremia, cataplexy.

Apparent death / state of suspended animation

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Type of death where the physician declares a person has expired (complete cessation of vital functions)

Somatic death

Clinical death

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Injury or disease responsible for physiologic disturbance leading to death

CAUSE of death

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Physiologic derangement or biochemical disturbance incompatible with life

MECHANISM of death

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Explanation how the cause of death arose

Eg. violent vs natural

MANNER of death

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Violent death with no external evidence

Medicolegal Masquerade

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Sexually mature women without intercourse, hymen intact and small opening

TRUE physical virginity

vs. False = hymen unruptured but orifice is wide (2 fingers)

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Woman permits any sexual liberties but abstain rupturing the hymen

Demi-virgin

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Truly Virgin woman

Virgo Intacta

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Virginity in females below puberty, not knowing the nature of sex

Moral virginity

Laceration of hymen is more than half but has not reached base

Deep | Superficial, deep, complete, compound

Stunning of brain, complete suspension of function

Commotio cerebri / cerebral concussion

Tear of skin due to blunt instrument

Laceration

Seduction of a virgin over 12, under 18

Qualified

Seduction by abuse of authority

Qualified

Seduction of non virgin over 12 under 18

Simple

Inserting fingers in private part of victim under 12 yo

Act of Lasciviousness | Basta walang intercourse, act of L Victim is under 12, any sex, use of force

Intent to have sex with an abducted woman

Lewd design

Evidence perceived by the senses

Real / Autoptic Evidence

Materials found in connection with investigation aids in establishing identity of perpetrator

Physical evidence | Diff Real vs physical

Physical Evidence proving that the crime existed

Corpus delicti

Evidence that may assist in locating suspect

Tracing evidence

Object which may be part of the body of the crime

Corpus delicti

Link suspect to the crime

Associative evidence

Cutis anserina is seen in

Drowning "Goose skin"

Drowning treatment | Arms forward, chest compression every 3-5seconds

Sylvester

Drowning treatment | Arms forward, chest compression every 3-5seconds

Sylvester

Drowning treatment | Prone position, pressure on lower ribs 12x a minute

Schaefer

Determine chloride in left and right ventricle

Gettler test

In Gettler test what is the amount of chloride to prove that deqth occured in saltwater vs freshwater

25 mg at least

Bronze discoloration of head and neck in drowning

Tete de negri

Whitish foam in mouth and nostrils of a person who died of drowning

Champignon d'ocume

In salt water drowning, blood chloride is greater in which heart area

Left Ventricle ``` saLt = Left fresh = Right ```

Sudden heart attack in middle of mealndue to asphyxia by choking

Cafe coronary

Murderer sits on chest of victim while covering nose and mouth with his hands

Burking

Average time required for death in drowning

2-5 mins

Closing external respiratory orifices by hand or other means (ex: pillow)

Smothering

Impaction of foreign body in the respi passage

Choking

Practice of medicine based on law

Medical jurisprudence (branch of law)

Medical knowledge for the purpose of law

Legal Med | Brance of med

Lung exam revealed punctiform hemorrhages of the pleura secondary to asphyxia

Tardieu spots

MC accidental smothering in children

Overlaying

Autopsy technique with removal of the organs in situ with en bloc

Rokitansky

Asphyxia by hanging where the knot is on one side of neck

Atypical

Asphyxia by hanging where body is completely suspended

Complete | Vs partial

External exam of dead body without incision

Post mortem examination

Sensation of heat

Calor | Dolor for pain, rubor for redness

Physical streching resulting to separation of skin or tissue

Avulsion

Primary propulsive forcr in cartridge which which drives billet towards muzzle

Gunpowder / propellant

Transforms mechanical energy by hit of firing pin on percussion cap

Primer

This is intended to isolate the medical schools and ultimately the medical profession from the intrusion of those not qualified to be doctors

3 flunk rule

Failure of hospital to furnish necessary accomodations

Corporate liability

Hospital should be charged for its physician's wrongful conduct by virtue of _______

Vicarious liability

Also known as doctrine of respondeat superior (let the master answer)

Vicarious liability

When an accepted method of treatment involves hazards regardless of care exercised by MD, what doctrine applies?

Calculated Risk

Patient consents to procedure involving certain risks cannot recover damages

Doctrine of assumption of risk

If a physician rescued a victim and the MD was injured, the original wrongdoer is liable

Rescue doctrine

Pathologists, radiologists, and anesth are employees and independent contractor

Ostensible agents

What method is applied when a judge is called to check how much damages to receive (moral damages)

Golden Rulw method

Damages awarded in medical negligence suits to deter other MD from doing the same

Exemplary or corrective damages Higher amount from usual fine

Trifling sum awarded when there is technical invasion if right to plaintiff but there is no injury to be compensated (ex. Removal of appendix during a TAHBSO)

Nominal damage

Damage agreen by the parties. Written in forms in case of lost luggage in plane.

Liquidated damage

Damage when the court finds a loss but its amount cannot be proven with certainty

Temperate or moderate

Elements of phycisian patient relationship

Fiduciary (mutual trust) Contractual (meeting of minds) Consensual (mutual consent)