Legal, Infrastructure, Circulation, Mapping Flashcards
Additional Rights which deals with or pertains to the land, but is not necessarily a part of it. Examples include right of way or a buildings. Is carried with the land when it is sold
Appurtenance
Process by which an unincorporated area joints an adjacent city
Annexation
Group that considers variances to planning ordinances for specific developments.
Board of Adjustment
Includes all components of a building that enclose conditioned space.
Building Envelope
Land or water designed to separate one use from another
Buffer Zone
The grouping of a particular development’s residential structures on a portion of available land, reserving a significant amount of the site as a protected open space.
Generally designated for areas that would benefit from increased open space and high concentrations of density
Cluster Development / Housing
Streets Designed and Operated to enable safe access for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motor vehicle drivers, and transit riders of all ages and abilities.
Complete Streets
The central organizing document for planning a community
A strategic framework generally used to anticipate future growth of development. Not a legally binding document. Can be amended as needed.
A statement of development policies; includes diagrams and text setting forth objectives, principles, standards, and plan proposals. Required of every county and city.
Legal document governing physical growth and change in a community. Long-term policy framework. Reviewed and revised on a regular basis
Comprehensive Plan / General Plan
Needed services must be in place or planned for before new development may be approved
Concurrency / Phased Development Controls
Grants the right of a person, government agency, or public utility company to use public or private land owned by another for a specific purpose, such as access to power lines
Enforced by the grantee.
Landowner’s use within this area is restricted only if such use interferes with the use of the grantee.
Easement
The taking (with due compensation) of private land by a government agency for public good
Eminent Domain
An unauthorized invasion or intrusion of a fixture or other real property on another’s property. Often permits are issued for temporary encroachments for construction purposes.
Encroachment
Land including accessory buildings and structures used for the removal, refinement, and or processes of raw material resources.
Extractive Use
Government agency that maps and sets national standards for development in flood prone areas
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
A lot which has a narrow access strip connected to a public street or right of way. Contains a driveway
Flag Lot
A ratio of the gross floor area of a building to the total area of the site.
Floor Area Ratio
A linear measurement along the front of a property
Frontage
A band of countryside surrounding a town, development, or neighborhood on which building is generally prohibited
Greenbelt
Total floor area contained within a building envelope. How this is calculated may vary around the world.
Gross Floor Area (GFA)
Regulations that increase housing choice by establishing requirements and providing incentives for constructing a wide variety of housing types.
Inclusionary Zoning
Developing smaller vacant parcels of land in urban areas that had been previously passed over for development.
Infill
The basic facilities that serve a community, such as streets and highways, schools, water, sewer, storm drainage
Infrastructure
Used by municipalities (through police powers) as a means of controlling density of development, flood impact, land use, parking requirements, and setback + height requirements. They DO NOT govern life-safety requirements or project costs
A written regulation that defines how property in a specific geographic zone may be used, including land uses and lot sizes as well as structure height, bulk, and placement. Can be amended as needed.
Usually defines permitted rate of density in ‘dwelling units per acre’
Zoning Ordinance
Examples of typ. land use types outlined in a zoning ordinance
residential commercial industrial mixed use recreation open space wetland
Law adopted by state / local gov. that establish minimum design standards to protect human health, safety, and welfare. (examples: fire, building design, seismic)
Applies to construction, erection, enlargement, alteration, repair, moving, improvement, removing, conversion, demolition, and use / occupancy of all buildings and structures.
Building Code
Sets national standards for access to buildings, facilities, parks, etc. for individuals with disabilities.
The Americans with Disabilities Act
The legal process by which a governmental body exercises its right of “eminent domain” to acquire private property for public uses, such as redevelopment or highways. Usually occurs when a property is deemed unfit (various reasons). May occur if a negotiated sale is unable to be agreed upon.
Condemnation
A comprehensive, long-range site plan for a project that includes multiple land uses and / or is expected to be developed in phases. Another term for “specific plan”
Master Plan
Established a policy for clean air, water, and the protection of natural resources.
NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act of 1970)
The total square footage of occupied area of a building
Net Flood Area
Any use which does not conform to the use regulations of the Zoning Ordinance for the zone in which it is located.
Non-Conforming Use
Refers to the type of use of the building - as used in Building Codes
Occupancy
Laws passed by local government which support the General or Comprehensive Plan
Ordinances
A project or subdivision that consists of common property and improvements (varied and complementary land uses) that are owner and maintained by an owner’s association for the benefit and use of the individual units within the project. The owner’s association must require automatic, non-severable membership for each individual unit owner, and provide mandatory assessments. Zoning is not a basis for classifying a project or subdivision as this type.
Planned Unit Development (PUD)