Legal Final Review

Question 1

In 2015, all 50 states achieved some sort of ____________, so that PTs won the right to evaluate patients without a referral from a physician.

Answer 1

Direct Access

Question 2

What was APTA’s alternative pain management movement called during the 2016 opioid crisis? 
A. Choose Movement,
B. Choose Physical Therapy,
C.  Choose Science Choose,
D. Holistic Healing 

Answer 2

Choose Physical Therapy

Question 3

Who is often referred to as the “Mother of Physical Therapy” in the United States? 
a) Florence Nightingale 
b) Mary McMillan 
c) Margaret Rood 
d) Helen Hayes 

Answer 3

Mary McMillan

Question 4

Which female political figure took upon a leading role in developing the text for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 
A. Mary McMillan 
B. Catherine Worthingham 
C. Eleanor Roosevelt 
D. Emma Vogel 

Answer 4

Eleanor Roosevelt

Question 5

Which of these is not a function listed as a APTA Function.
a. Promote and advance physical therapy practice, education, and research.
b. Promote and protect the professional welfare of Association members.
c. Promote Physical Therapist to treat patients
d. Maintain and promote ethical principles and standards of conduct for its

Answer 5

Promote physical therapists to treat patients

Question 6

What established a nationwide standard of competency independent from diverse state licensing practices?
a.) Standardized Competency Exam
b.) Medicare Legislation
c.) APTA membership status
d.) Specialist Certification Exam

Answer 6

Standardized Competency Exam

Question 7

How is our APTA core value of compassion and caring defined? 
A: Caring and Compassion are not a core value recognized by the APTA. 
B: Compassion and caring within the physical therapist-physical therapist assistant team is working together, within each partner’s respective role, to achieve optimal physical therapist services and outcomes for patients and clients. 
C: Compassion is the desire to identify with or sense something of another’s experience; a precursor of caring. Caring is the concern, empathy, and consideration for the needs and values of others. 
D: Compassion is the desire to identify with or sense something of another’s experience; a precursor of caring. Caring is the commitment to meeting one’s obligations to provide effective physical therapist services to patients and clients, to serve the profession, and to positively influence the health of society. 

Answer 7

Compassion is the desire to identify with or sense something of another’s experience; a precursor of caring. Caring is the concern, empathy, and consideration for the needs and values of others. 

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental human right as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 
a) Right to life, liberty, and security of person  
b) Right to own property  
c) Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion  
d) Right to equal protection under the law 

Answer 8

Right to own property

Question 9

According to article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which levels of education shall be free?
A. Elementary Stage 
B. Fundamental Stage 
C. Professional Stage 
D. A and B  

Answer 9

A and B

Question 10

According to Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, who is entitled to special care and assistance and should be able to enjoy the same social protection as all others?  
A. Elderly individuals,
B. Mothers and children 
C. Those below the poverty line 
D. Politicians and lawmakers  

Answer 10

Mothers and children

Question 11

What is the main purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 
A) To outline the responsibilities of governments in protecting the environment 
B) To establish international trade laws and agreements 
C) To define and protect fundamental human rights for all people worldwide 
D) To regulate immigration policies among United Nations member countries 

Answer 11

To define and protect fundamental human rights for all people world wide.

Question 12

What does Article 25 of the UDHR emphasize as a fundamental aspect of human well-being? 
A. Right to property and wealth accumulation 
B. Right to an adequate standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care 
C. Right to equal political power 
D. Right to participate in sports and recreation 

Answer 12

Right to an adequate standard of living, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care

Question 13

Which of the following ethical principles is most closely related to the concept of informed consent? 
a) Beneficence 
b) Non-maleficence 
c) Justice 
d) autonomy

Answer 13

Autonomy

Question 14

What does the “Situation” component of the RIPS model classify?
A) The ethical reasoning process
B) The type of ethical issue (dilemma, distress, temptation, or silence)
C) The possible consequences of a decision
D) The ethical principles involved

Answer 14

The type of ethical issue (dilemma, distress, temptation, or silence)

Question 15

According to Article 1 of the Declaration of Human Rights, all human beings are born: _____
A. To the right of life, liberty, and security of person
B. Free and equal in dignity and rights
C. In recognition everywhere as a person before the law
D. Entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing

Answer 15

Free and equal in dignity and rights

Question 16

What is the moral sensitivity definition in the RIPS model? 
A. Ability to understand how the actions of one individual affect others,
B. Analyze a situation and make a good moral decision,
C. Prioritizing ethical values over financial gain or self-interest 
D. Implementing the chosen ethical action even if doing so causes adversity 

Answer 16

Ability to understand how the actions of one individual affect others

Question 17

Developed by Aristotle, _______________________is a framework that is not focused on outcomes or rules, but rather it looks at the moral agent of a character and the kind of person they are and want to be.

Answer 17

Virtue ethics

Question 18

Which one is not a moral behavior of the RIPS model individual process? A. Moral sensitivity
B. Moral motivation
C. Moral fairness
D. Moral courage

Answer 18

Moral fairness

Question 19

There are 6 structured steps that need not be linear since ethical decision-making cannot be a purely mechanical process. List the steps.

Answer 19

1. State an ethical problem
2. Additional collection of information and analysis of the problem
3. Develop alternatives and analyze/compare them
4. Select the best alternative and justify your decision
5. Develop strategies to successfully implement the chosen alternative and take action
6. Evaluation

Question 20

Which of the following ethical principles is most closely related to the concept of informed consent?
a) Beneficence
b) Non-maleficence
c) Justice
d) Autonomy

Answer 20

Autonomy

Question 21

What law was made to help reduce fall and associated health care costs by researching fall risk factors and reduction strategies?  
A. Safety for Seniors Act of 2007 
B. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C. Good Samaritan Law 
D. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 

Answer 21

Safety for Seniors Act of 2007

Question 22

Which governing body is responsible for the development and administration of the National Physical Therapy Licensure Examination (NPTE)? 
A. The Texas State Board of Physical Therapy 
B. Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy 
C. Texas Department of Health 
D. American Physical Therapy Association 

Answer 22

Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy

Question 23

The Patient Self-Determination Act requires advanced directives of the patient be respected and followed. What is an advance directive? 
A. Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment 
B. A legal document that provides directions or preferences for medical care if a patient is unable to communicate their decisions 
C. Another word for a savings account 
D. A compilation of the patient’s medical history 

Answer 23

A legal document that provides directions or preferences for medical care if a patient is unable to communicate their decisions

Question 24

Which of the following situations would be considered a violation of HIPPA regulations? 
A. A physical therapist sharing a patient’s medical history with another physical therapist involved in the patient’s care. 
B. A nurse discussing a patient’s condition in a public restaurant where others can overhear. 
C. A doctor reviewing a patient’s treatment plan in a private office. 
D. A receptionist verifying a patient’s appointment time over the phone with the patient

Answer 24

A nurse discussing a patient’s condition in a public restaurant where others can overhear

Question 25

 Which of these was the first disability civil rights law signed by President Nixon and was amended twice? 
a) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 
b) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
c)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
d)   Anti-Kickback Statute 

Answer 25

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Question 26

Which of the following is not true about The Civil Rights Act of 1964? 
A) Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment and public accommodations. 
B) Prohibited discrimination in federally funded programs. 
C) Ended racial segregation in public schools and other public facilities. 
D) Provided free healthcare to all American citizens. 

Answer 26

Provided free healthcare to all American citizens

Question 27

What law protects people who give emergency aid to an injured/ill person from legal action?
A. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
B. Good Samaritan Laws
C. False Claims Act
D. HIPAA

Answer 27

Good Samaritan Laws

Question 28

All of the following are General powers of the House of Delegates except:
A. Amend or repeal the APTA bylaws and standing rules
B. Meet every 6 months
C. Determine directives and policies for the APTA
D. Elect the Board of Directors

Answer 28

Meet every 6 months

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
A) To provide scholarships for students with disabilities to attend private schools.
B ) To ensure special education and related services to children.
C) To create a national database of students with disabilities.
D) To fund research on disabilities and special education

Answer 29

To ensure special education and related services to children

Question 30

According to Texas House Bill 29, a patient can directly access physical therapy services without a referral in all of the following scenarios EXCEPT-
A. For 10 consecutive business days if the PT possesses a doctoral degree
B. For 15 consecutive business days if the PT possess a doctoral degree and has completed a residency
C. For 20 consecutive business days if the PT possess a doctoral degree and has completed a residency
D. For 10 consecutive business days if the PT has completed at least 30 hours of continuing competence activities in differential diagnosis

Answer 30

For 20 consecutive business days if the PT possess a doctoral degree and has completed a residency

Question 31

Health informatics combines healthcare with technology and data science to improve patient care by using tools like electronic health records (EHRs), telehealth, and data analysis to help make informed decisions, improve overall health, and use resources efficiently. 
TRUE or FALSE

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

_________________________ is the science of collecting, storing, retrieving, and using medical, health, and patient information.

Answer 32

Health informatics

Question 33

Which of the following is a challenge of digital physical therapy ?
A) Limited scheduling  
B) Limited growth opportunities  
C) Lower quality of care 
D) Privacy, confidentiality, ethical, legal and safety concerns  

Answer 33

Privacy, confidentiality, ethical, legal, and safety concerns

Question 34

Which of the following is a difference between an EMR and an EHR in a clinical setting? 
A. EMR can be accessed through multiple health clinics while EHR can only be used through one specific clinic. 
B. EMR can only be used in one specific setting while EHR can be accessed through multiple health clinics
C. EMR can only be accessed by the primary care physician while EMR can be accessed by the primary care doctor and patient. 
D. EMR can be accessed by the primary care physician and patient while EMR can only be accessed by the primary care doctor. 

Answer 34

EMR can only be used in one specific setting while EHR can be accessed through multiple health clinics

Question 35

Which of the following is a primary challenge of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare systems? 
A) AI’s ability to predict patient outcomes with 100% accuracy 
B) Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data used by AI systems 
C) AI’s capacity to completely replace healthcare providers in clinical decision-making 
D) Lack of available healthcare data for AI analysis

Answer 35

Ensuring the privacy and security of patient data used by AI systems

Question 36

Compare and Contrast the HIPPA Safe Harbor Act to the Century Cures Act 2016 (HITECH). These were the two most pivotal federal legislations regarding health information technology (HIT).