Legal, ethics, social justice

Question 1

Morals

Answer 1

Private, personal, or group standards that consider in a broad, general manner what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Question 2

Ethics

Answer 2

is the study of a system of moral principles and standards, or the process of using them to decide your conduct and actions.

Question 3

bioethics

Answer 3

refers to the application of ethical principles to healthcare. is concerned with every area in healthcare, including direct care of patients, allocation of resources, utilization of staff, and medical and nursing research.

Question 4

nursing ethics

Answer 4

refers to the ethical questions that arise out of nursing practice. “is abortion moral?”

Question 5

ethical agency

Answer 5

for nurses, is the ability to base their practice on professional standards of ethical conduct and to participate in ethical decision making. “nurses have choices and are responsible for their actions

Question 6

moral frameworks

Answer 6

systems of thought (theories) that are the basis for the differing perspectives people have in ethical situations.

Question 7

values

Answer 7

when we value what is right or wrong, good or bad, we are using moral judgement. Therefore, our individual preference(values) of right or wrong become our moral values. They shape the manner in which you make ethical decisions.

Question 8

professional guidelines

Answer 8

healthcare professionals have an obligation to society to be competent in their field; to allow only qualified persons entry into the profession; to discipline members of the profession who do not practice at an acceptable level; to do no harm; and to use high moral and ethical standards to resolve dilemmas.

Question 9

Autonomy

Answer 9

refers to a person’s right to choose and ability to act on that choice. It is based on respect for human dignity.

Question 10

nonmaleficence

Answer 10

is the twofold duty to do no harm and to prevent harm. Refers to both actual harm and risk of harm, as well as intentional and unintentional harm.

Question 11

beneficence

Answer 11

Is the duty to do or promote good. do no harm- prevent harm when you can. Remove harm when it is being inflicted. Bringing about positive good.

Question 12

Fidelity

Answer 12

Is the duty to keep promises. It is a basic part of every patient care situation.

Question 13

Veracity

Answer 13

Is the duty to tell the truth. This one is obvious, but may present a challenge. Example: would you tell the patient the truth if you knew it might cause harm to the client?

Question 14

justice

Answer 14

The obligation to be fair. It implies equal treatment of all patients.

Question 15

consequentialism

Answer 15

the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the act rather than on the act itself.

Question 16

utilitarianism

Answer 16

asserts that the value of an action is determined by its usefulness. States that an act must result in the greatest good (positive benefit) for the greatest number of people.

Question 17

deontology

Answer 17

is based on rules and principles and uses language of rights and duties. Considers an action to be right or wrong regardless of the consequences.

Question 18

ethics of care

Answer 18

Directs attention to the specific situations of individual patients, viewed within the context of their life narrative. “what is going on right now in this patients life?”

Question 19

feminist ethics

Answer 19

based on the belief that traditional ethical models provide a mostly masculine perspective and that they devalue the moral experience of women.

Question 20

what are the 2 concepts of integrity- producing compromise

Answer 20

1. discussions are carried out with mutual respect

2. the rationale for the compromise is principle based

Question 21

Describe the nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions

Answer 21

• Be aware of and sensitive to issues
• assume responsibility for your own moral actions
• function as a team member
  support the patient and family members
• support patients who are not being allowed to decide
• use and participate in institutional ethics committees
• MOST IMPORTANT: advocate for your client
  Continually strive to improve your ethical decision making

Question 22

what is the role of a nurse as an advocate?

Answer 22

The role of advocates is to safeguard clients against abuse and violation of their rights.

Question 23

what does MORAL stand for?

Answer 23

M- massage the dilemma
O- Outline the options
R- Resolve the dilemma
A- act by applying the chosen option
L- look back and evaluate

Question 24

what is Constitutional law?

Answer 24

is a system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and limits of a government.

Question 25

what is Statutory law?

Answer 25

is a law passed by congress or by a state legislative body. Congress passes laws for the benefit of society as a whole, whereas states use their police power to pass laws to ensure the general health, safety, and welfare of their citizens. EX: Definition of nursing

Question 26

what is Administrative Law?

Answer 26

refers to the laws that govern the activities of administrative agencies.Administrative agencies are created at the federal level by congress and at the state level by its legislative bodies. EX: Delegation and Supervision

Question 27

what is common law?

Answer 27

A compilation of laws made by judges or courts. Based on common customs and traditions. EX: Affirmative duty

Question 28

what were the effects of the Patient Self-Determination Act on healthcare practices?

Answer 28

Requires healthcare facilities to:

• Provide written information to each patient regarding the right to make decisions, including the right to accept or to refuse medical treatment and the right to make advance directives.
• Document in the patient’s medical record the presence or absence of advanced directives.
• Follow state law as it relates to advance directives.
• Treat everyone the same regardless of the presence or absence of advance directives (facilities may not discriminate)

Question 29

Describe accommodations that conform to Americans with Disability Act (ADA)

Answer 29

Employers must provide reasonable accommodations within the work setting to allow employees with disabilities to perform their job.

Question 30

what are state mandatory reporting laws?

Answer 30

the law states that nurses must report:

• communicable disease
• You also have a duty to report physical sexual or emotional abuse or neglect of vulnerable individuals. whether you suspect it or have actual evidence of it

Question 31

what are good Samaritan laws?

Answer 31

laws are designed to protect from liability those who provide emergency care to someone who is in need of medical services

Question 32

Identify seven rights of nurses within the healthcare workplace

Answer 32

1. Practice in a manner that fulfills their obligations to society and to those who receive nursing care
2. Practice in environments that allow them to act in accordance with Professional Standards and legally authorized scopes of practice
3. work environment that supports and facilitates ethical practice as defined by the code of ethics for nurses
   freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients without fear of Retribution
4. Fair compensation for their work consistent with their knowledge experience and professional responsibilities
5. a work environment that is safe for themselves and for their patients
6. negotiate the conditions of their employment either as individuals or collectively and all practice settings
7. negotiate the conditions of their employment either as individuals or collectively and all practice settings

Question 33

common causes of malpractice litigation?

Answer 33

• failure to respond
  
  • failure to educate
  • failure to follow standards of care and institutional policies/procedures
  • failure to communicate
  • failure to document
  • failure to act as an advocate

Question 34

identify strategies to minimize liability in nursing practice

Answer 34

• Perform timely patient assessments and document your findings for every patient interaction.
• Communicate all changes in your patient status to the primary health care provider and document those changes.
• Use the proper chain of command to ensure appropriate and timely care when the primary healthcare provider is not available.

Question 35

Paternalism

Answer 35

This would occur, for example, if you think you know what is best for a competent client and then coerce the client to act as You Wish rather than to act as she wishes.

Question 36

Justice

Answer 36

Is the obligation to be fair. It implies equal treatment of all patients.

Question 37

Ethical dilemma

Answer 37

Is a situation in which a choice must be made between two equally undesirable actions. There is no clearly right or wrong option. Such situations are emotionally painful for everyone in the situation.

Question 38

Fraud

Answer 38

Is the false representation of significant facts by words or by conduct.
- It can occur through making false statements, falsifying documentation, or concealing information that should have been disclosed.

Question 39

Purpose of the ethics committee

Answer 39

These interdisciplinary committees typically include nurses, doctors, clergy, Ephesus, and lay Representatives. Ethics Committee develop guidelines and policies, provide education and counseling, and in the case of ethical dilemmas, review the case and provide a forum for the expression of the diverse perspectives for those involved

Question 40

What are Nurse Practice Acts?

Answer 40

Are statutory laws passed by each State’s legislative body that defined the practice of nursing. Nurse practice acts are designed to:

• regulate nursing practice to protect the health, safety, and Welfare of the general public.
• Define the scope of nursing practice.
• Approve programs providing pre-licensure Nursing education to students.

Question 41

what is Regulatory law?

Answer 41

Reflects decisions made by administrative bodies

Question 42

what is common law?

Answer 42

A compilation of laws made by judges or courts is known as common law. Also referred to as case law, common law is based on common customs and tradition. It comes from legal principles and guidelines that judges use to determine the outcome of legal cases.

Question 43

what is criminal law?

Answer 43

deals with the wrongs or offenses against society. May result in prosecution by the state of federal government for engaging in behavior that constitutes a crime

Question 44

what is a felony?

Answer 44

involve crimes punishable by more than 1 year in jail

Question 45

what is good Samaritan law?

Answer 45

Laws designed to protect from liability those who provide emergency care to someone who is in need of medical services

Question 46

what is civil law?

Answer 46

In contrast to criminal law, in which the state or federal government brings charges against a person, civil law involves a dispute between individuals or entities. A settlement in civil often results in the guilty party paying monetary damages. The two types of civil law are contract law and tort law.

Question 47

what are standards of care?

Answer 47

the legal guidelines for nursing practice and provide the minimum acceptable nursing care

Question 48

what is a misdemeanor

Answer 48

Less serious crime that has a penalty of a fine or imprisonment for less than 1 year

Question 49

what is a tort?

Answer 49

Deals with wrongs done to one person by another person that do not involve contracts. A tort is a civil wrong and there are three types of tort quasi intentional torts, intentional torts, and unintentional torts.

Question 50

what is assault?

Answer 50

Occurs when a nurse intentionally places a patient in immediate fear of personal violence or offensive contact. An assault must include words expressing and intention to cause harm in some type of action.

Question 51

what is battery?

Answer 51

Is committed when an offense or harmful physical contact is made to the patient without his consent or there is unauthorized touching of a person’s body by another person.

Question 52

what is false imprisonment?

Answer 52

Is the restraining of a person without proper legal authorization. It includes any type of unjustified restriction on a person’s freedom of movement for example when nurses restrain patients without their permission or when patients are involuntarily committed to mental health units.

Question 53

what is slander?

Answer 53

Is this spoken or verbal form of defamation of character. A Person is not guilty of defamation of character of the statement made about the other person is true or if a person has the protection of a privilege such as reporting possible child abuse.

Question 54

what is libel?

Answer 54

Is a written or published form of defamation of character.

Question 55

what is negligence?

Answer 55

Is the failure to use ordinary or reasonable care or the failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner.

Question 56

what is malpractice?

Answer 56

Malpractice has a similar definition, but applies only to professionals, such as nurses and Physicians. It is defined as the failure of a professional person to act in a reasonable and prudent manner.

Question 57

what is informed consent?

Answer 57

Is the permission for any and all types of care given by the patient with full knowledge of the risks, benefits, cost, and alternatives. For hospital admission and or invasive or specialized treatments or diagnostic procedures, the consent must be written and signed by the patient or the person legally responsible for the patient.