Legal English 1 Flashcards
asianosainen, asiapuoli, oikeudenkäyntiasianosainen, osapuoli, riitapuoli
partythe parties TO a legal action
sopimusoikeus
law of contract
oikeudenvastainen teko. siviilioikeudellinen rikkomus
tort
huolimattomuus
negligence
hallinnan loukkaus, kotirauhan rikkominen
trespass
häiriö
nuisance
rikos
offence = crime
for example
e.g. (exemplia gratia)
teko, toimi, toimenpide
act
laiminlyöminen, laiminlyönti, tekemättä jättäminen
omission
käsittely, oikeudenkäynti, oikeudenkäyntimenettely, prosessi
proceedings
menettely riita-asioissa
civil proceedings
menettely rikosasioissa
criminal proceedings
syyttäjä
prosecutor
syyttää
to prosecute
syyte
prosecution
syytetty, vastaaja
defendant
langettava päätös, tuomitseminen
conviction
julistaa syylliseksi
to convict
rangaista
to punish
rangaistus
punishment
elinkautinen vankeusrangaistus
life imprisonment
sakko
fine
ehdollinen vankeusrangaistus
probation
vapauttaa
to discharge someone without punishment
kantaja
plaintiff (claimant, after 1998 in England and Wales)
haastaa oikeuteen, käräjöidä
to sue
oikeuden tuomio, päätös
judgment
oikeuskeino
remedy/ remedies (pl.)
kieltomääräys, kieltotuomio
an injunction
luontoissuoritus
specific performance to perform a contract
vahingonkorvaus
damages
vastuunalainen, vastuuvelvollinen
liable
toimivalta
jurisdiction
alioikeus, ensimmäinen oikeusaste
a court of first instancea court of original jurisdiction
muutoksenhakutuomioistuin, valitusinstanssi, valitustuomioistuin
an appellate courta court of appellate jurisdictiona court of appealthe crown court exercises original and appellate jurisdictionthis court has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases
oikeuden ratkaisu, tuomio
adjudication
testamentin valvominen
probate
kirkkolaki
canon law
testamentti
will
valittaa, hakea muutosta
to appealshe appealed against the sentence (G.B)he appealed the verdict (USA)an appeal is taken from the High Court to the Court of Appealappellate/ appeal (adj)
muutoksenhakija, valittaja
appellant
vastaaja
respondent
muutoksenhaku, valituslupa
leave to appeal
avio-, avioliitto-
matrimonial
avioliiton ulkopuolella syntynyt lapsi
illegitimate child
maallikkorauhantuomari
lay magistrate
palkkaa nauttiva rauhantuomari
stipendiary magistrate
lupa, suostumus
consent
syytetty henkilösyytetty
the accused personthe accusedto be accused of a crime, murder, etc.(to commit a crimehe committed arsonto be convicted of a criminal offence, murder, etc.)
todistustaakka, todistamisvelvollisuusvaadittu näyttö
burden of proofstandard of proofBeyond all reasonable doubtOn the balance of probabilities
päätös
verdictto reach a verdict
antaa vapauttava päätös, julistaa syyttömäksi, vapauttaa syytteestä
to acquitshe was acquitted of the crime
vapauttava tuomio
an acquittal
mitata rangaistus, tuomitatuomita joku rangaistukseenlangettaa tuomio
to sentenceto sentence someone to a punishmentto pass sentencesentencing (adj)
asettaa, määrätä, säätää
to imposeto impose a fine of 100 € to someone
uudelleenkäsittely
retrial
tappo
manslaughter
raiskaus
rape
murhapoltto, tuhopoltto
arson
esikuulustelu
preliminary enquiry
ensi näkemältä
prima facie
murto, murtovarkaus
burglary
To hear:
Some English courts hear both civil and criminal casesThe case will be heard in the High Court next week
A hearing:
The hearing lasted ten days.
To try:
The court was not competent to try the case.He was tried in the Crown Court for arson.
A trial:
She is on trial for armed robbery.Trial by jury
To sit:
The court sat from 11 o’clock until 5 o’clock.
A sitting:
There will be a sitting of the High Court next month.
tekijä
perpetrator
tappelu, tappelurikos
affray
rikoksentekijä
offender
väitetty rikoksentekijä
the alleged offender
tuomioistuinlaitos
the judiciary
to put a person on trial
–
olettaa
to presume
syyttömyysolettama
the presumption of innocence
the convicted person
–
lainvastainen tekorikollinen tietoisuus
actus reusmens rea
aikoa, tarkoittaa aikomus, tahallisuus, tahto, tarkoitus harkittu, tahallinen tahallaan, tahallisesti
to intendintention /intent (n.)intentional (adj.) intentionally (adv.)
huolimaton
reckless
törkeä huolimattomuus
gross negligence
kajota, loukata, rikkoaloukkaus
to infringeinfringement
seurausvastuurikos
strict liability crime
lainsäädäntö
legislation
alaikäinen
minor
to be liable for something
–
” … to have prosecution brought against him or her”
–
isännänvastuu
vicarious liability vicariously liable
petospetollinen
fraudfraudulent
päämies
principal
suosia rikoksentekijää
to aid and abet a criminal
THE JURY: VOCABULARY Supreme Court Act 1981, s. (section) 69 trial by jury = valamiesoikeudenkäynti to try triable = (of an offense) liable to a judicial trial.”Many offences are triable either way abolition to abolish = (Judicial corporal punishment of adults and juveniles was abolished ln England, Wales andScotland in 1948 and in Northern Ireland in 1968.) malicious = ilkeä, tahallinen (“malicious destruction of property”) malice = ilkeys, paha aikomus (the intention or desire to do evil; ill will.) to plead a plea of guilty = a guilty plea where a defendant admits formally to a crime in court qualified / disqualified for jury service eligible / ineligible for jury service Criminal Justice Bill provided that = on condition, as long as, providing elector to render s-e ineligible = to make s-e ineligible juror
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TYRER CASE VOCABULARYTEXT 1in accordance with article 43..under article 25..pursuant to section 56.. = as a result of, e.g. pursuant to conversation, the contract was draftedhereinafterto deliberate - to give careful thought to somethingdeliberate (adj.) : intentionalto deliver a judgmentto refer to something as - to give a name to somethingto refer a case to a court - to pass on a case to another court to decideto lodge an applicationapplicanthe pleaded guilty before the local juvenile court to unlawful assault occasioning actual bodily harmthe applicant was sentenced on the same day to three strokes of the birchhe appealed against the sentencethe appeal was heard and dismissedthe birchingto birchto amend = to alter or change, such as a pleading, a contract, a motion (as amended by section 8 ofthe Summary Jurisdiction Act 1960)an amendment a breach of the peace - a disturbance when harm is done or is likely to be done to a personrespectively - in the same order as the items that have just been mentionedTEXT 2fiscal system = tax systemprior to… - beforetreaty / treaties = sopimus (a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.)applicable toto apply - this treaty applies to the Isle of Manan express inclusion - an inclusion clearly stated in wordsto legislatelegislationlegislatureto abolishabolitionto endorse - to agree withto retain - to keepretentiona deterrentto deter s-e from doing s-e - to discourage s-e from doing s-g by showingthem that the result of such action would be unpleasantto re-affirm - to state again petition - adressi to cite - to quote, to refer to s-g he was convicted of a crime of violence
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law of succession
laws relating to how property shall pass to others whenthe owner dies.
- to revokerevocationa revocation clause
peruuttaakumotato revoke a will
perintö / testamenttilahjoitustestamentata
- a legacy/ a bequestto bequeath - he bequeathed his shares to his daughterto devise
testator / testatrixwitness(es)
a person who has made a will or given a legacy.a woman who has made a will or given a legacy.
estate / assets
kuolinpesä/ omaisuus / varat
executor/executrix(executioner) = DIFFERENT THING!
testamentin toimeenpanija
intestacyintestate - to die intestate
Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies owning property greater than the sum of their enforceable debts and funeral expenses without having made a valid will or other binding declaration
a trust: a legal arrangement under which a person (a trustee) has a dutyto look after goods or money or property for another person(a beneficiary).he left his property in trust for his grandchildren
a beneficiary = edunsaajaa person who derives advantage from something, especially a trust, will, or life insurance policy.
to inherit an inheritance - an inheritance of £ 1.000to disinherit
he inherited £ 10.000 from his uncle
to execute a will
to complete the formalities (signing and witnessingnecessary for the will to become legally valid
(a) codicil
Lisätestamenttian addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one.
spouse / issue
aviopuoliso / puolisorintaperilliset
net / gross
netto = velkojen vähentämisen jälkeenbrutto = kokonaisuus
probate : legal acceptance that a will is validgrant of probate : the official document proving the will is genuine, givento the executors so that they can act on the terms of the willthe executor was granted probate / obtained probate
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an agreement made by a couple before they marry concerning the ownership of their respective assets should the marriage fail.
prenuptial agreementantenuptial agreementpremarital agreement
money lent to another person usually to buy real estate, the real estate is used as security for the loan
mortgage
to support; to enforce
to uphold
to get round, to avoid
to circumvent
previous marriagesbefore marriage
prior marriagesprior to marriage
property devision
property disposition
to make something invalid, to invalidate
to void
conditions, terms or instructions which must be followed or carried out
binding provisions
unenforceable
e.g. an unenforceable contract
notary
a lawyer authorized to draw up and witness certain legal documents, thus making them official
perustuslakiperustuslainmukainen perustuslainvastainen rikkomus, loukkaus rikkoa
constitution = perustuslakiconstitutional = perustuslainmukainen‘in conformity with the Constitution’ unconstitutional = perustuslainvastainen ‘in violation of the Constitution’violation = rikkomus, loukkaus to violate = rikkoa
asiakirja
instrument
lainsäädännöllinen (adj)
legislative
määrätä, säätää
to prescribe “…the exercise of sovereign powers. …”
lainmuutosperustuslain muutosmuuttaa
amendmentconstitutional amendment to amend
here: laki, säädös
act
asetus, järjestyssääntö, säädös
ordinance
mitätön
null and void
antaa toimivalta
to grant power to“… a grant of power …from … to …”to delegate powers to
federated (adj.)
yhdistynyt
toimivaltuudet on pidätetty
powers are reserved to
nimenomainen
express (adj.)expressly
jäännöstoimivalta, jäljelle jääneet toimivaltuudet
residual power
to adopt a law, constitution, proposal
antaa säädös jne.
taata
to assure
here: ehto, määräys, säännös
provision
lehdistö
the press
ala, haara, toimiala
branch
hallinto ja hallitushallinnollinen
executive (n.) hallinto ja hallitus executive (adj.) hallinnollinen
lainsäädäntöelin, lainsäätäjä
legislature (n.) lainsäädäntöelin, lainsäätäjä legislative (adj.)
oikeuslaitos, tuomioistuinlaitosjuridinen, oikeudellinen
the judiciary (n.) oikeuslaitos, tuomioistuinlaitosjudicial (adj.) juridinen, oikeudellinen
aiheeton, asiaankuulumaton, kohtuuton
undue
kiistää
to contest
aihe, perusta, peruste, syy
ground/ grounds
X conflicts with the Constitution, or a law S-g was held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
–
peruuttaa
to nullify
liittohallitus
federal government
panna täytäntöön, toimeenpanna
to enforce
vaali valita
election vaali to elect valita to be re-elected
toimikausi
term of office
antaa säädös, hyväksyä laki
to enact
käyttää vetoaan
to vetoa veto
lakiehdotus
a bill
hylätä
to overrule
antaa jklle työtä
to assign duties to s-e
ottaa virka vastaan
to assume an office
“Under the U.S. Constitution …” a sitting President ?
–
menettää virkansa
to be removed from office
loppua, päättyä
to expire
syyttää virkatoimestaan
to impeachimpeachment bill of impeachment
riittävä todiste
sufficient evidence
luonnostella, valmistella
to draft
erota virasta
to resign from office
EUROPEAN LAW: VOCABULARY “to be bound by Community law” (2) “Directives are binding on Member States” (33) “… law which binds both Member States and Community institutions” (16-17) to be bound BY + (adjective) noun to be binding ON + (adjective) noun to bind + (adjective) noun “capable of passing directly into national law” (4) “the passage of the European Communities Act 1972” (6-7) “pass into the law of a Member State automatically” (27) “passing a new law” (36) “detailed substantive provisions” (17-18) “The terms of the various treaties” (22-23) “the Court has already ruled on that particular issue” (52-53) “the Court of Justice has given a preliminary ruling” (54) Explaining what a law says: “The Treaty provides that further legislation may be made by the Council of Ministers and the Commission.” (24) “This is when the relevant part lays down an unconditional obligation and grants enforceable individual rights.” (42-43) “…where the action has exceeded the powers laid down by treaty.” (65) The law stipulates that corporations must have three governing bodies. The patent law specifies that the subject matter must be ‘useful’. The following verbs can also be used to express what a law says: The law states / sets forth / determines / prescribes that …
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