Legal challenge to direct action Flashcards
What was the main method of black protestors?
Non-violent; whether that be legal or direct action
What was the NAACP?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People which helped fight legal challenges in court against segregation (e.g. Brown vs Board)
When was the NAACP formed?
1909
What was the NAACP’s membership in 1917 compared to 1946?
1917: 9,000
1946: 600,000
How did the NAACP start their campaigning?
Handed out flyers against lynching and held marches.
What happened to legislation about lynching in Congress?
It was brought to Congress but blocked by Southern states
What was the main tactic of the NAACP in court?
To argue that the separate provision wasn’t equal and could overrule the 1896 Plessy vs Ferguson ruling
How did the NAACP help black people on trial?
Provided lawyers to help defend them
When did the NAACP win most of their cases?
1950’s and some in 1940’s
What was wrong with most of the rulings?
The Supreme Court didn’t enforce all of its rulings and weakened the rulings by using phrases like ‘with all deliberate speed’ in Brown vs Board
Which organization was formed in 1954 to oppose desegregation and black civil rights? and how many members did it have by 1956?
White Citizens Council; 250,000 members by 1956
What was Brown vs Board?
A court case in 1951 which encouraged desegregation in education after Linda Brown was forced to travel to a segregated schoo9l despite a white school being very close to her house.
What was the ruling of the Brown vs Board case in 1954?
Earl Warren ruled that the segregated school were not equal )As conditions were poor and equipment not meeting standards) and that education must be desegregated. However, it ruled they should do it with ‘all deliberate speed’ the following year in Brown vs Board II
When did the NAACP set up direct action?
1940’s and 50’s
How were these protests different to previous protests?
They were more local and more often
