Legal Aspects Of Real Estate Flashcards
Long established ruled derived from judicial decisions founded on English law are sometimes referred to as:
Common law
Procedural law:
Sets out the methods of enforcing substantive rights
A litigant is:
The plaintiff
The defendant
BOTH A & B ^^^
A tort is a:
Civil wrong
Amendments to the constitution guarantee which of the following with regards to property and the real estate profession?
Due process
Equal protection
Just compensation
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
The laws adopted by Congress and the state legislatures are called:
Acts or statutes
A proposed law in Congress is called a(n):
Bill
Most legislation becomes effective:
January 1 of the next year
The rules of law developed bu judges are called:
Case laws
A court decision may be binding on all other judges. It depends on:
Jurisdiction
Position is the court hierarchy
A written opinion
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
An opinion written by a court states:
The decision
The facts of the case
The court’s reasoning
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
A appellate court will NOT change a trial court’s decision if:
The losing party considered the jury incompetent
A case will NOT necessarily be heard in state court if:
The U.S. government is a party
Litigants are able to find out more about the disputed facts in a case through:
The discovery process
The oldest method of describing land is:
Metes and bounds
The starting point of a metes and bounds description is called the:
Point of beginning
The government surgery system is also called the:
Rectangular survey method
Which of the following lines do NOT run east and west?
Principal meridians
The square of land located at the intersection of a range and township tier is called a:
Township
Irregular sections are called:
Government lots
Many final subdivision maps include which of the following?
Measurements of area
Easements locations and dimensions
Location of survey markers
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
A benchmark is a(n):
Marker that states the location relative to the datum
Natural attachments that are planted and cultivated are called:
Fructose industriales
Which of the following is NOT a test for a fixture?
Age of the fixture
Fixtures installed for use in a tenant’s business are called:
Trade fixtures
Which of the following is a water right?
Riparian
Overlying
Appropriative
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^
The fact that a property owner who drills a well on his or her land owns all of the oil and gas the well produces, falls under the:
Rule of capture
Support from adjacent land is called:
Lateral support
A fee simple estate is:
Inheritable
Transferable
Perpetual
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^^
The duration of a life estate is based on:
The length of someone’s life
A leasehold estate for a fixed time period is a(n):
Estate for years
Which of the following gives someone other than the owner the right to do something on the land or take something from the land?
Positive easement
The land burdened by an easement is called the:
Service to tenement
When someone creates an easement by making long and continuous use without the permission of the owner, it is called:
Easement by prescription
Unlike an easement, a license does NOT:
Create an interest in the property
A mortgage is an example of a(n):
Voluntary lien
A property tax is actually a:
Specific lien
Which of the following is NOT subject to property taxes?
Federal property
State property
Educational property
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
The tax on a parcel of real estate is calculated by multiplying the tax rate by the:
Assessed (taxable) value
The first installment on property taxes is delinquent if not paid by:
5PM on December 10th
A state tax lien would be junior to the recorded interest of a:
Mortgage or trust deed lender
Mechanic’s lien holder
Judgement lien creditor
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
A declared homestead exemption is established by:
Recording a declaration of homestead
The most basic form of concurrent ownership is:
Tenancy in common
A tenant in common is free to:
Sell his or her interest
Will his or her interest
Encumber his or her interest
ANY OF THE ABOVE^^^^
Joint tenancy requires unity of possession and:
Unity of interest
Unity of time
Unity of title
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
Severance, with regards to joint tenancy:
Eliminates the rights of survivorship
A form is co-ownership that can only be held by spouses and registered domestic partners is called:
Community property
One spouse can’t give away community property without the other’s consent. This falls under the:
Joinder requirements
If a spouse with two children dies intestate, the deceased spouse’s interest in the community property will be distributed with:
All of it going to the surviving spouse
When a couple changes a joint tenancy agreement to community property, it is called a(n):
Transmutation agreement
A corporation organized under the laws of another state is a:
Foreign corporation
With a general partnership, the liability for debts of the partnership lies with:
Each individual partner
To transact business using partnership name, the partners must publish and record a:
Fictitious business name certificate
With a limited partnership:
The limited partners have limited liability
____ is the minimum number of investors that a real estate investment (REIT) must have?
100
Which of the following describes an arrangement where the buyers purchase the exclusive right to the possession of the party for specified periods each year?
A timeshare
Authority intentionally given by the principal to an agent is called:
Actual authority
A real estate agent/broker with authority limited to the single transaction of selling a particular house is a:
Special agent
An agency may be created by:
Express agreement
Ratification
Stopped
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
When a person acts on another’s behalf without agency authorization, and later the principal approves these actions, it is known as:
Ratification
With an independent contractor:
He or she does not work hours set by the employer
If a cooperating broker is the procuring cause in bringing about the sale of the property, who pays him or her a share of the commission?
The listing broker
An agency is terminated by operation of law if:
Either party dies it
Either party goes bankrupt
The agent loses his or her license
ANY OF THE ABOVE^^^
An unilateral termination of the agency relationship by the principal would be achieved through:
Revocation
Which of the following does NOT require a real estate license to represent another in a specific real estate transaction?
Attorney
Trustee
Executor
ANY OFTHE ABOVE^^^
A real estate license must be renewed:
Every 4 years
A broker must keep records of each transaction for at least three years beginning:
From the closing date
With few exceptions, a California brokers client trust account t must be maintained at a financial institution:
In California
In a listing agreement for the sale of four or less residential units, a broker’s commission must:
Be negotiable between the seller and the broker
A buyer is considered “able” if he or she has which of the following?
Enough cash to complete the sale
A strong credit rating and adequate personal assets
A binding commitment for a loan to finance the purchase
ANY OF THE ABOVE^^^
An agency disclosure form is NOT required for the sale of a:
Commercial property
An agent owes his or her principal the basic fiduciary duty of:
Reasonable care and skill
Diligence, good faith, and loyalty
Disclosure of material information
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
A real estate agent representing a seller should be especially careful to inform the principal of:
The true value of the property
All offers to purchase
The identity of the purchaser
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
When a broker exaggerates the market value of the property in order to get a listing, he or she breaches his or her duty to:
Act in good faith
When the agent buys a property for himself or herself (without the owners knowledge) and then sells its again for a profit, it is called:
Self-dealing
Which of the following is NOT an agents duty to a third party?
Fiduciary relationship
The transfer disclosure statement is usually signed by the:
Seller
Listing agent
Selling agent
ALL OF THE ABOVE^^^
Actual fraud involves:
Intentional misrepresentation
Concealment
Negligent misrepresentation
ANY OF THE ABOVE^^^
Generally, a seller or agent can’t be sued for misrepresentation if his or her statements were merely:
Opinions
Predictions
Puffing
ANY OF THE ABOVE^^^
The most widely recognized code of ethics in the real estate industry is the:
NAR Code of Ethics