Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Ocular Pharmacology > Legal Aspects Ocular Pharmacology > Flashcards

Legal Aspects Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term ‘Medicine’

A

A preparation given for the treatment or prevention of a disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does a medicine include?

A

Excipients- inactive ingredient - no therapeutic effect

Drug - active ingredient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name some example of excipients within a medicine

A

preservatives
flavouring agents
Stabilisers
Lubricants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the term ‘ drug’

A

A chemical substance which will produce a specific physiological response within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does INN stand for ?

A

International non-propriety name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the term used for a drug which has a brand name ?

A

Propriety name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the INN?

A

Common name for the drugs

General - not specific to any manufacturer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was the opticians act first published ?

A

1958

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When were the most recent changes made to the optician act?

A

2005

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State what the original form of the Optician Act stated about optometrists

A

Refer all patients with an injury or disease of the eye to a medical practitioner for tx

Optometrists role was more of detection rather than diagnosis which meant lx access to meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who has powers to amend legislation ?

A

GOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What changes and when were they made to the optician act

A

1999
The rules relating to injury or disease of the eye
Optoms may now choose to not refer patients with an eye disease/injury if no justification to do so
Optoms may now diagnose and manage
This means we need more access to medicines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When was the medicines act published ?

A

1968

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the medicines act?

A

Regulates medication for both human and veterinary use including the manufacturing and supply of medicines .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The regulation of medicines within the UK is seen by who ?

A

MHRA

medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The medicines act define three categories of medicines . What are they ?

A

General sales list
Pharmacy medicines
Prescription only medicines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Briefly explain what the GSL medicines is ?

A
  • Avail to pts without medical supervision
  • Don’t need rx , or approval from healthcare professional
    Can be sold by any retailers with secure locked premises
  • Can be bought of shelf of pharmacy , news agents and supermarkets
  • Don’t have a specific label
  • Ingredients , volume , concentration is deemed to be sufficiently safe for Public use without medical supervision
    Pts responsibility to read the information leaflet in the box and follow guidance on how to use meds safely and prevent ADR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is ‘ Sales list’

A

eyedrops/ointment medication which are available for patients to purchase in same way as GSL meds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give some examples of products which fall within the Sales List group .

A

Artificial tears and ocular lubricants to alleviate sx of dry eyes
Contact lens rewetting drops to lubricate the CL
Eye baths /cleansers to soothe or cleanse an irritated eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give two clinical examples in which you would provide a GSL medicine to a patient .

A
  1. Corneal Abrasion
    Sx - red , sensitive to light and painful right eye
    VA - reduced
    EE - large deep corneal abrasion seen with FS
    Management - paracetamol 500mg, 2tabs 4h apart for four days
  2. seasonal allergic conjunctivitis - HAYFEVER
    Sx - 2/52 itchy watery and red eyes
    EE - lacrimation, oedema , conjunctival hyperaemia
    Management - Certrizine 10mg , I tab per day
21
Q

Briefly explain what the P meds group is

A
  • Can only be supplied to patient under supervision of pharmacist
  • No rx required
  • Can’t be bought of shelf
  • Can’t be sold by retailers or supermarkets without pharmacy
  • Pharmacist supervision is a control step for reasons - 1. Medication is sUITABLE for pt to use in terms of pts condition and other meds
    2. Warnings are highlighted ADR
22
Q

Give an example of a drug which falls into the GSL and P meds group

A

Paracetamol 500mg , 16 tabs GSL
Paracetamol 500mg , 32 tabs P

Larger quantities require more supervision
MHRA advise retailers to allow 2 packs per customer only

23
Q

What rights to optoms have in relation to P meds ?

A

Optoms can sell or supply only if

  1. Case of emergency
  2. It’s within their course if professional practise

2005 1. Dropped

24
Q

What is an diagnostic drug ?

A

Used within an eye exam to investigate cause of patients sx and signs

25
Q

What classification do diagnostic drugs fall within ?

A

P Meds

26
Q

Give TWO examples example of a diagnostic P med ?

A

Flourescein sodium -
examine tear film
Examine cornea and conjunctiva
Assess CL patients

Production of this stopped in 2013 - now rely on imported products from Europe

Phenylephrine hydrochloride (2.5/10%)
mydriatic drug , high myopes , pts with sx of vision loss
Gives detailed assessment of vitreous And retina

27
Q

What is a therapeutic drug ?

A

Used to treat pt sx and clinical signs of disease /injury

Only supply after examination

28
Q

Give two examples of an therapeutic p med used by optoms ?

A

Chloramphenicol , antibx
Used it treat bacterial conjunctivitis
Sx - mucopurulent discharge pus, conjunctival hyperaemia
Management - chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops , every two hours for two days then Every 4h for four days

Otrivine antistin , for tx of seasonal drug allergic conjunctivitis
Contains antazoline which is an topical antihistamine

29
Q

Why isn’t chloramphenicol a GSL medicine ?

A

Need expert opinion
May need review appt
Risk of incorrect self diagnosis

30
Q

Why isn’t otrivine antistin a GSL meds ?

A

Contains a decongestant
Stimulates the SNS - leads to increase blood pressure and heart rate
Needs to be used in caution in patients with cardiovascular disease , systemic hypertension and diabetes

31
Q

Briefly example what the PoM group is ?

A

Highest level of medical supervision needed
Require rx to take to pharmacy for dispenstion
To protect pts safety for example due to nature of drug
Example warfarin - blood thinner , reduce blood clots
Puts pts at risk of stroke so needs close supervision

32
Q

Give some examples of PoM

A 
Salbutamol - asthma 
Amoxicillin - antibx
Citalopram- antidepressant 
Atorvastatin- cholesterol 
Ramipril- Systemic Hypertenstion
33
Q

Give an example of drug that falls into the P and PoM group

A

Co-codomol codeine+paracetamol
Codeine 8mg P
Codeine 30mg PoM

Higher dose needs higher supervision

34
Q

What exemptions to optoms have in relation to PoM

A

Exempted PoM - Use only

Exempted PoM - Use and Supply

35
Q

Discuss the exempted PoM - Use only group

A

Topical anaesthetics - used to numb front of eye either for foreign body removal , measure of ocular pressure and stopping of blinking reflex

Proxymetacainehydrochloride
Oxybuprocaine hydrochloride
Tetracaine hydrochloride
Lidocaine hydrochloride

36
Q

Why are drugs in exempted PoMs use only ?

A

Risk of overdose >4drops in one house
Toxic to cornea high doses
Masks pain without addressing root cause

37
Q

In what situation would optoms use topical anesthetics

A

Contact tonometry , IOP

Probe needs to be in contact with patients cornea

38
Q

Discuss the exempted PoM - Use and Supply

A
  1. Mydriatics/cycloplegics
    Tropicamide and cyclopentolate (0.5/1%)

2 . Antibacterial
Chloramphenicol eye drops 0.5%
Chloramphenicol 1% eye ointment
Fusidic acid 1%

39
Q

What are each of the drugs used for in exempted PoM use and supply

A

Tropicamide - mydriasis , dilate pupil
Cyclopentolate - susp acc , relaxed ciliary muscle
Chloramphenicol - tx of bacterial conjunctivitis
Fusicdic - tx of blepharitis

40
Q

Blepharitis …

A

Inflammatory condition which often includes bacterial infection of the eyelid margin
The bacteria colonise eye lid particularly meibomian glands

41
Q

what is the ruling with regards to GSL meds and optoms

A

can use as long as within course of practise

may sell or supply if considered to be effective tx for minor eye injuries or diseases

42
Q

What should a signed order from an optom include

A

Date
optoms details ( name , goc number, practise address)
pt deatils - name , DOB, address
medication details - name , drug , quantity , form , conc and optoms signature

43
Q

In what situation may an optom provide a pt with a signed order

A

outside of an emergency for meds in the use and supply group

44
Q

Why is tropicamide preferred over phenylephrine

A

more rapid and stable

45
Q

tropicamide comes in two conc , what are they and how would you decide which conc to use for each pt

A

0.5 and 1%

conc is decided based on pts age and iris colour

46
Q

state a therapeutic use of cyclopentolate

A

anterior uvietis

47
Q

chloramphenicol l comes in two forms , drops and ointment , how is it decided which the patients receives

A

decided between practitioner and pt.
ointments instilled - 2/4x per day , half freq of drops
reduced dosing regimen found more convenient
ointment may cause smeary effect on pts vision - certain near tasks difficult

48
Q

P Med formulation of Chloramphenicol used for tx of what

A

bacterial conjunctivitis only. if optom wants to use foer other infections POM form must be used

49
Q

fusidic acid is effective against which type of bacteria

A

staphylococal aureus

General Ocular Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions