Leg Structures Flashcards
Pectineus M.
N: Femoral nerve, occasionally obturator nerve
M: Adduction and Flexion of thigh
A: Medial circumflex femoral artery, obturator artery
O/I: Pectineal Line of Pubis / Pectineal Line of Humerus
Adductor Longus M.
N: Obtrurator n., Anterior Division
M: Adduction and flexion of thigh
O/I: Body of the pubis/ Middle 1/3 of linea aspera
A: Deep femoral a.; femoral a.; medial circumflex femoral a.
Adductor Brevis M.
N: Obturator N.
M: Adduction and thigh flexion
I/O: Pubis body and Inferior Ramus / proximal linea aspera
A: Deep femoral a.; medial circumflex femoral artery.; obturator a.
Adductor Magnus M.
N: Adductor part = Obturator Nerve
Hamstring = Tibial Nerve
M:
Adductor part: flexes thigh, adducts
Hamstring part: extends thigh, adducts
O/I: Hamstring = Ischial Tuberosity / Gluteal Tuberosity, Lina Aspera, Medial super condylar Line
Adductor = Ischiopubic ramus / Adductor tubercle (Medial epicondyle)
A: Deep femoral artery
Gracilis M.
N: Obturator nerve (L2–L3)
M: Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
O/I: Pubis and inferior ramus / Superior medial part of tibia (Pes Anserinus)
A: Profunda femoris artery, medial circumflex femoral artery
Iliopsas (Composed of Illiacus and Psoas Major) M.
N: Femoral Nerve (Illiacus) and L1 - L3 ventral rami (Psoas Major)
M: Chief Flexor of the Thigh
O/I: Lateral portion of T12 to L5 / Lesser Trochanter of Humerus
A: Lumbar branches of iliolumbar artery
Sartorius M.
N: Femoral Nerve
M: Abducts, laterally rotates, and flexes thigh; flexes knee joint (the tailor sit)
O/I: ASIS / Pes Anserinus
A: Femoral Artery
Rectus Femoris M.
N: Femoral N.
M: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh
I/O: AIIS / Tibial Turbosity
A: Profunda femoris and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Vastus Medialis M.
N: Femoral Nerve
M: Extension of the knee
O/I: Shaft of Femur / AIIS
A: Femoral Artery
Vastus Lateralis M.
N: Femoral Nerve
M: Extension of the knee joint
O/I: Shaft of Femur / AIIS
A: Femoral Artery
Vastus Intermedius M.
N: Femoral Nerve
M: Extension of the Knee
O/I: Shaft of Femur / AIIS
A: Femoral Nerve
Articular Genu M.
N: Femoral Nerve
O/I: Lower anterior surface of femur / Articular capsule of knee joint
M: Retraction of supratellar bursa and elevation of the articular capsule of the knee during extention (Don’t need to know I think)
A: Femoral Artery
Tibialis Anterior M.
N: Deep fibular nerve
M: Dorsal flexion
O/I: Laterial tibeal condyle / superolateral 1/2 of tibia
A: Anterior tibial artery; anterior tibial recurrent artery; medial malleolar network
Obturator Externus M.
N: Obturator Nerve
M: Abduction, external rotation, stabilization of pelvis
O/I: External margins of obturator foramen / trochanteric fossa of femur
A: Medial circumflex . femoral a.
Gluteus Maximus M.
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
M: Chief extensor and lateral rotation, slight extension via tensor fascia lata
O/I: Posterior Glueteal Line of ilium, sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx / Upper fibers: the illio tibial tract and tensor fascia lata, Lower: The gluteal tuberosity of the femur
A: Superior Inferior Glureal Artery
Gluteus Medius M.
N: Superior Gluteal Nerve
M: Thigh abduction and medial rotation, pelvic stabilization
I/O: Between the anterior and posterior gluteal line/ Greater trochanter of the femur
A: Superior Gluteal Artery (Superficial Branch)
Tensor Fascia Lata M.
N: Superior Gluteal N.
M: Abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh. Slight rotation of the knee when combined with gluteus maximus
O/I: Iliac Turbecle / Gerdy’s turbecle on the the lateral tibial condyle
A: Superior Gluteal A.
Iliotibial Tract
M: Laterally stabilizes knee, Assists in deacceleration of adduction of the thigh, pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medialis, and synergist with flexing vastus lateralis.
CN: Can compensate for quadraceps parallysis and can be stretched to treat chondropatella malecia.
Obturator Internus M.
N: Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus
M: Lateral rotation, abduction, and extension of hip
O/I: Margin of the obturator foramen / Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Superior Gemellus M.
N: Nerve to Obturator internus and Superior Gemellus
M: Lateral rotation, abduction and extension of hip
O/I: Ischial spine / Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inferior Gemellus M.
N: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus
M: Lateral rotation, abduction and extension of hip
O/I: Ischial turberosity / Greater trochanter of the femur
Quadratus Femoris M.
N: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris and Inferior Gemellus
M: Lateral rotation, abduction and extension of hip
I/O: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity / Quadrate line (below the intertrochanteric crest) of femur
Semitendinosous M.
N: Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
M: Extend thigh, flex leg, medial rotation of the knee
O/I: Ischial tuberosity / Medial surface of the superior aspect of the tibia (Pes anserinus)
Semimembranosis M.
N: Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
M: Extend thigh / Flex leg
O/I: Ischial tuberosity / Posterior part of the Medial condyle of tibia
Long Head of the Biceps Femoris M.
N: Tibial branch of the Femoral N
M: Flex leg, extend thigh
O/I: Ischial Turberosity / Head of the fibula
Short Head of the Biceps Femoris M.
N: Common fibular branch of the Sciatic N
M: Flex leg
O/I: Distal Lateral lip of linea aspera / Head of the fibula
Gastrocnemius M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Flexion of knee, Dorsal Flexion of foot
O for Medial Head: Superior to medial condyl
O for Lateral Head: Lateral aspect superior to lateral condyl
I: Posterior surface of calcaneus via Calcaneal Tendon
A: Posterior Tibial A.
Soleus M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Plantar Flexion
O/I: Soleal line of Tibia, Posterior Head of Fibula and Superior 1/4 of posterior fibula / Posterior Surface of Calcaneus via Tendus Calcaneus
Plantaris
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Weak plantarflexion and leg flexion (Proprioreceptive)
O/I: Lateral Condyle of femur / Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Popliteus M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Unlocks the leg from extension via medial rotation of the femur
O/I: Posterior Tibia (superior to soleal line) / Lateral surface of lateral line
Flexor Hallucis Longus M:
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Flexes great toe, Plantarflexion of Ankle Joint
O/I: Inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula / Inserts into the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Flexor Digitorum Longus
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Flexion for lateral toes, plantarflex at ankle joint
O/I: Posterior tibia (Inferior to Soleal Line) / Distal Phalanx base of 4 toes
Tibialis Posterior M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Inversion and Plantar Flexion
O/I: Interosseus Membrane, posterior tibial inferior to soleal line, posteromedial surface of fibula / Navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, 2-4 metatarsals
Fibularis Longus M.
Fibularis Longus M.
N: Superficial Tibial N
M: Eversion and plantar flexion
O/I: Head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula
Fibularis Brevis M.
N: Superficial Fibular N.
M: Plantar Flexion and Eversion
O/I: Inferolateral 2/3 of tibia / Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of fifth metatarsal
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (1,2,3)
Calcaneal Tendon
Fibularis Brevis M.
N: Superficial Fibular N.
M: Plantar Flexion and Eversion
O/I: Inferolateral 2/3 of tibia / Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of fifth metatarsal
Fibularis Longus M.
Fibularis Longus M.
N: Superficial Tibial N
M: Eversion and plantar flexion
O/I: Head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula
Fibularis Tertius M.
N: Deep Fibular Nerve
M: Dorsal Flexion / Eversion
I/O: Anteroinferior fibular surface / Dorsum of fifth metatarsal base
A: Anterior Tibial A
Extensor Digitorum Longus M.
N: Deep Fibular
M: Extend lateral four digits, dorsiflexion
Proximal Attachments: Lateral tibial condyl, anterior fibular surface, interosseus membrane
Distal Attachments: Forms extensor expansion over dorsum of lateral four proximal phalanx. This is two lateral slips (distal phalanx) and one central clip (middle phalanx)
Tibalis Anterior M.
N: Deep fibular N.
M: Dorsaflexion and inversion of foot
I/O: Lateral Tibial Condyle and superolateral 1/2 of tibia / Medial surface of medial cunieform and first metatarsal base
Extensor Hallucis Brevis M.
N: Deep Fibular Nerve
M: Extension of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux
I/O: Superoloateral surface of the calcaneus / Dorsum of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux
A: Fibular artery
Extensor Digitorum Brevis M.
N: Deep fibular nerve
M: Extension of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4
I/O: Superolateral surface of the calcaneus/ Bases of the middle phalanges and the dorsal aponeuroses of the 2nd-4th digits
Dorsal Interossei Muscle (Singular = Interosseous)
N: Lateral Plantar Nerve
M: Abduction
F
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
N: Medial Plantar Nerve
M: Flexion of metatarsalpharangeal and interphalangeal toes
Abductor Digiti Minimi M.
N: Lateral plantar Nerve
M: Abduction of 5th digit
Abductor Hallucis M.
N: Medial Plantar N.
Tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Flexes for lateral toes, plantarflex at ankle joint
O/I: Posterior tibia (Inferior to Soleal Line) / Distal Phalanx base of 4 toes
Quadratus Plantae M.
N: Lateral Plantar N.
M: Assist flexor digitorum longus in flexion
I/O: Anterior calcaneus / Tendon of the flexor digitorum m.
Lumbrical M. of the Foot
N: Medial Plantar Nerve
M: Flex metatarsalpharangeal joint, extend proximal and distal interpharangeal m.
I/O: Flexor digitorum longus tendons / medial aspect of extensor expansion
Adductor Hallucis Muscle (Lateral and Oblique Heads)
N: Lateral Plantar nerve
M: Adduct Hallux
Flexor Hallucis Brevis M.
N: Medial Plantar
M: Flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint
I/O: Cuboid bone, Lateral cuneiform / Medial and Lateral side of the 1st proximal phalanx
Tendon of the Flexor Hallucis Longus M:
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Flexes great toe, Plantarflex of Ankle Joint
O/I: Inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula / Inserts into the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe
Tendon of the Fibularis Longus M.
N: Superficial Tibial N
M: Eversion and plantar flexion
O/I: Head and superolateral 2/3 of fibula
Tibialis Posterior M.
N: Tibial Nerve
M: Inversion Plantar Flexion
O/I: Interosseus Membrane, posterior tibial inferior to soleal line, posteromedial surface of fibula / Navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, 2-4 metatarsals
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis M. (Opponens Digiti Minimi M. included)
N: Lateral plantar N.
M: Flexes Digiti Minimi
Plantar Interossei M. (Interosseous = singular)
N: Lateral Plantar N.
M: Adduction
I/O: Base of Metatarsal / Medial Base of the Proximal Phalanx
First is most medial
Extensor Hallucis Longus M.
N: Deep Fibular
M: Extends Hallux and Dorsalflexes ankle
O/I: Medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
Gluteus Minimus M.
N: Superior Gluteal Nerve
M: Thigh abduction and medial rotation, pelvic stabilization
I/O: Between the anterior and posterior gluteal line/ Greater trochanter of the femur
A: Superior Gluteal Artery (Superficial Branch)
Piriformis M.
N: Nerve to Piriformis (S1-S2)
M: Abduction of flexed hip, lateral rotation
CN: Anatomical Landmark
