Leg Muscles Flashcards
Pectineous
Superior Ramos of pubis
Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
Femoral n
Adducts and flexes hip joint
Assists with medial rotation of hip joint
Sartorius
Anterior superior iliac spine
Superior part of notch inferior to it
Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Femoral n
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip joint
Flexes the knee
Psoas mj
Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs in between them.
Transverse processes of all lumbar
Lesser trochanter of femur
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1-L2-L3
Acting conjointly in flexing the hip joint and in stabilizing this joint
Also a postoral muscle that helps control the deviation of the trunk and is active during standing
Iliacus
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur distal to it
Femoral n
Acts with psoas mj in flexing the hip
Rectus femoris
Anterior inferior iliac spine AIIS
via a common tendinous (quad tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament of tibial tuberosity, Vastus medialis and lateralis also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (lateral and medial patellar rectinacula)
Femoral n (L2-L4)
Extends knee joint, rectus femoris also stabilizes hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex the hip
Vastus lateralis
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
via a common tendinous (quad tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament of tibial tuberosity, Vastus medialis and lateralis also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (lateral and medial patellar rectinacula)
Femoral n L2,L3,L4
Extends knee joint, rectus femoris stabilizes hip and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
Vastus medialis
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
via a common tendinous (quad tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament of tibial tuberosity, Vastus medialis and lateralis also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (lateral and medial patellar rectinacula)
Femoral n L2,L3,L4
Extends knee joint, rectus femoris stabilizes hip and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
Vastus intermedius
Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
via a common tendinous (quad tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament of tibial tuberosity, Vastus medialis and lateralis also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuroses (lateral and medial patellar rectinacula)
Femoral n L2,L3,L4
Extends knee joint, rectus femoris stabilizes hip and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
Adductor longus
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Obturator n L2, L3, L4
Adducts hip joint
Adductor brevis
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
Obturator n L2, L3, L4
Adducts hip and extends it to some extent
Adductor magnus
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondular line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
Adductor part: Obturator n L2, L3, L4
Hamstring: tibial part of sciatic n
Adducts hip joint, adductor part also flexes hip joint, hanstring part extends it
Gracilis
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Obturator n (L2-L3)
Adducts hip, flexes knee and helps rotate it medially
Obturator externus
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Obturator n (L3, L4)
Laterally rotates hip joint
Pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady
Gluteus maximus
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Most fibers end in ITB which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia, some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
Inferior gluteal n
Extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions, assists in lateral rotation, steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
Gluteus medius
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Lateral surface if greater trochanter
Superior gluteal n (L4,L5,S1)
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip
Keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
Gluteus minimus
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Superior gluteal n L4,L5,S1
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate the hip.
Keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
Tensor fascia latae
Anterior superior iliac spine ASIS
ITB, which attaches to gerdy tubercle on lateral condyle of tibia
Superior gluteal n
Flexes hip joint, acts w gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
Piriformis
Passes thru greater sciatic foramen
Anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments, superior margin of greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament
Superior border of greater trochanter
Branches of anterior rami of S1,S2
Laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip, steady femoral head in acetabulum
Obturator internus
Passes thru lesser sciatic foramen
Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membranes
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Nerve to obturator internus
Laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, steady femoral head in acetabulum
Gemelli superior and inferior
Superior: ischial spine
Inferior: ischial tuberosity
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Superior: same as obturator internus
Inferior: same as quadratus femoris
Laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, steady femoral head in acetabulum
Quadratus femoris
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Laterally rotate hip joint, also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/ pelvis
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
Medial surface of superior part of tibia
Tibial n (L5-S2)
Extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate leg medially when knee is flexed.
When hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia, reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
Tibial n
Extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate leg medially when knee is flexed.
When hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
Biceps femors long and short heads
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea asper and lateral supracondular line of femur
Lateral side of head of fivula, tendon is split at this site by fibilar collateral ligament of the knee LCL
Long head: tibial n
Short head: common fibular n
Flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed
Extends hip joint(when standing to walk)
Tibialis anterior
Lateral condule and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuniform and base of 1st metatarsal
Deep fibular n
Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Extensor hallucis longus
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Deep fibular n
Extends great toe
Dorsiflexes ankle
Extensor digitorum longus
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Deep fibular n
Extends lateral 4 digits, dorsiflexes ankle
Fibularis tertius
Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Dorsum base of the 5th metacarpal
Deep fibular n
Dorsiflexes ankle, aids in eversion of foot
Fibularis longus
Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Superficial fibular n
Evert foot
Weakly plantar flex ankle
Supports transverse arch of foot
Fibularis brevis
Middle part of lateral surface of fibula
Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
Superficial fibular n
Evert foot
Weakly plantar flex ankle
Gastrocnemius
Lateral head: lateral aspect of later condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
Posterior surface if calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Tibial n
Plantar flexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, flexes knee joint
Soleus
Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia
Posterior surface if calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Tibial n
Plantar flexes ankle, steadies leg and foot
Plantaris
Inferior end of lateral supracondular line of femur and oblique popliteal fossa
Posterior surface if calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Tibial n
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing ankle, function is mainly prioproceptive
Popliteus
Lateral surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus (intra-articular within cavity of knee joint)
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
Tibial n
Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of implanted limb
Flexor hallucis longus
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
Tibial n
Flexes great toe at all joints
Weakly plantar flexes ankle
Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Flexor digitorum longus
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Tibial n
Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantar flexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of foot
Tibialis posterior
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior surface of fibula
Primarily to tuberosity of navicular, also to cuniforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
Tibial
Plantar flexes ankle
Inverts foot
Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Abductor hallucis
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, And plantar aponeurosis
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Medial plantar n
Abducts and flexes 1st digit
Flexor digitorum brevis
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Medial plantar n
Flexes lateral 4 digits
Abductor digiti minimi
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity if calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septum
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Lateral plantar n
Abducts and flexes 5th digit
Quadratus plantae
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Lateral plantar n
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits
Lumbricals
Tendons if flexor digitorum longus
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
Medial one: medial plantar n
Lateral 3: lateral plantar n
Flexes proximal phalanges
Extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Flexor hallucis brevis
Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneform
Both sides of base of proximal first digit
Medial plantar n
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Adductor hallucis
Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints
Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Deep branch of lateral plantar n
Adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
Flexor digiti minimi
Base of 5th metatarsal
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Superficial branch of lateral plantar n
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, assisting in flexion
Plantar interossei
3 muscles
Bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
Lateral plantar n
Adduct digits 3-5, flex metatarsophalangeal joints
Dorsal interossei
4 muscles
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
Second-fourth: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
Lateral plantar n
Abducts digits 2-4 and flexes metatarsophalangeal joints
Coccygeus
Ischial spine
Anterior/inferior sacrum
Anterior rami of sacral plexus S4-S5
Supports pelvic viscera, coccygeal flexion
Triceps coxae
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator internus
Extensor hallucis brevis
Calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum
Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Deep fibular nerve
Dually innervated?
Extensor digitorum brevis
Calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum
Tendons of extensor digitorum longus of digits 2-4
Deep fibular nerve
